新建筑学院，奥胡斯，丹麦

2022-03-19ADEPT建筑事务所

世界建筑 2022年3期

ADEPT建筑事务所

奥胡斯建筑学院是一个室内室外兼可学习、探索建筑的实验室。该建筑位于铁路局原址，工业历史的痕迹形成了该场所初始的真实身份。裸露的材料、设备构件及工业细部是该建筑的典型特征，与所处的原始粗犷的环境相协调。X机构毗邻在侧，它是一个初创企业和文化产业形成的另类自建社区。

有意简化的设计是对建筑学院功能和结构需求的回应。在建成后，导师们可以在此实验新的、当代的建筑教育方法，同时，增强空间识别性，与成为欧洲最好的建筑学院之一的雄心相匹配。新建筑是学院最好的展示窗口，对公众而言是可见的，就像空间组织和内部透明度使设计教室内的活动对所有学生可见和存在一样。不同于从前强调个性的空间，这是鼓励社区构建和协同工作的建筑。

1 总平面Site plan

2 剖面Section

The Aarhus School of Architecture was designed as a laboratory for learning and exploring architecture, both inside and out.The building is located at a former rail-yard with traces of industrial history forming a raw authentic identity. Characterised by its exposed materials and MEPs, as well as its industrial details, the building design adapts to this unkempt environment, its closest neighbour being Institute for X – an alternative self-build community of start-ups and culture.

The intentional simplicity of the design is a detailed response to the school's need for functional and robust spaces. The completed building allows the tutors to experiment with new and contemporary ways of architecture education, while at the same time providing a stronger spatial identity that matches the ambition of being one of the best architecture schools in Europe. The new building is the school's best showcase allowing activities to become visible to the public, just as the spatial organisation and interior transparency makes studio activities visible and present to all the students. From its former spaces hinting at individuality, this is architecture encouraging communities and synergies.

3 外景Exterior view

4 入口Entrance

The building was completed with designintegrated solutions and the intention of maximising spatial flexibility. A narrow material palette reduces the building's construction resources, including local production and transportation chains where possible. Settling on concrete as the optimal solution when responding to the need for large-scale and resilient spaces, the team behind the project worked closely with the manufacturer to lessen use of material in the construction as well as to maximise use of recycled material. Furthermore,the manufacturer was obliged to work with sustainable production encouraging zero-waste production.

Other sustainable initiatives are the upcycled wood floors made from leftovers from industrial window production and the large library structure spanning several floors. The library is partly made from an up-cycled shelve system from a near-by historic building. The urban landscape surrounding the building is part of a research project aiming to up-cycle leftover construction materials from building to landscape, testing climate adaption solutions and moving biotopes from one location to another. The school will reduce their energy consumption with up to 50% compared to the sum of their former locations.

Designed through co-creation in an innovative partnering model, the new Aarhus School of Architecture shows an alternative direction for cross-disciplinary collaboration in the building industry. The design is based on extensive user and neighbourhood involvement and basically eliminated internal hierarchies in the project organisation to promote a transparent development process and a strong ownership at all levels of the partnership.□

该建筑在完成时采用了设计一体化方案，意图最大程度地提升空间的灵活性。有限的材料板减少了该建筑所消耗的建筑资源，包括尽可能地使用当地的产品和运输链。在应对大尺度的、弹性的空间需求时，混凝土为最佳解决方案。项目团队通过与制造商密切合作，减少建筑中的材料使用，并尽可能多地使用回收材料。此外，制造商有义务可持续生产，鼓励零废物生产。

其他可持续发展的举措还包括用工业窗户生产的剩余材料制成的回收木地板，以及跨越几层楼的大型图书馆结构。图书馆部分是由附近的历史建筑中回收的书架体系搭建。围绕该建筑的城市景观同样也是研究项目的一部分，旨在回收剩余的建筑材料，在景观中进行再利用，实验气候适应方案，迁移生物群落。新建筑学院将比以前所有校址的能源消耗之和减少高达50%。

通过创新合作模式中的共同创造来设计，新奥胡斯建筑学院为建筑行业的跨学科合作展示了另一个方向。该设计基于广泛的用户和邻里参与，基本消除了项目组织结构中存在的等级差异，推动公开透明的开发方式，激发所有参与主体的强烈自主性。□（庞凌波译）