延安大学新校区图书馆、博物馆、校史馆，陕西，中国

2022-03-19清华大学建筑设计研究院有限公司

世界建筑 2022年3期

清华大学建筑设计研究院有限公司

延安大学新校区图书馆、博物馆、校史馆项目作为延安大学新校区的标志性核心建筑群，选址于校园中心，连接教学生活区和城市界面，总建筑面积74,143.79m2。三馆除了为校园师生提供服务外，也面向公众开放，实现了建筑的高效利用和良好的社会价值及影响力。

在延安这座历史文化名城为一个有着深厚历史文化积淀的大学设计其新校区最重要的建筑群是一个充满挑战的课题。既要连接过去又要通向未来，既要有地域特色又要体现时代精神，既要让厚重的历史感和荣耀感在新的时空和秩序中焕发出时代魅力，又要体现不忘初心的人文气息，如何实现这一目标是我们必须深入思考的问题。

坚持品格重于风格的理念

我们坚持品格重于风格的理念，不“求新、求怪”，而是传承延安大学精神内涵和地域文化特色，校园总体文化基调、建筑风貌和景观环境与延安黄土高原特色相呼应和契合，营造温暖质朴、人文气息浓厚的校园空间，以规避当下中国大学新校区建设千篇一律的缺点，塑造出延安大学特有的校园品格。

以人为本的人性化校园空间

我们认同以学生为中心的理念，在图书馆组团设计了一系列公共广场、庭院、连廊及平台，作为师生交往和学术交流的主要公共空间，强调学生活动为空间主角。通过景观设计、绿化种植塑造人性化、多层次的校园环境，对厚重硬朗的建筑空间进行软化，创造出积极而舒适的学习交流场所。

在地化的乡土建构技术及材料

我们寻找当地富有经验的工匠，在基地现场进行实验，对比不同敲凿方向和深度的黄砂岩石材，在一天内随着光影迁移形成的质感和色彩变化。通过现场实验，最终选定当地的黄砂岩石块，由当地工匠手工敲凿，并采用传统的手工密缝方式砌筑，最大化地彰显在地建筑原始、原真的美学价值。

The Library, Museum, and History Museum of Yan'an University, as the iconic core building complex of the new campus of Yan'an University,is located in the centre of the campus,connecting the teaching and living area and the urban interface, with a total construction area of 74,143.79 m2. The buildings not only serve the teachers and students on campus, but also are open to the public, realising the efficient use of the building and good social value and influence.

Designing the most important building complex of the new campus for a university with deep history and culture in the historical and cultural city of Yan'an was a challenge. The need to connect the past and the future, to have regional characteristics and to reflect the spirit of the times, to make the heavy sense of history and glory glow in the new time and in a new order, and to reflect the humanistic atmosphere of remaining true to the original aspiration, are the issues we must think deeply about.

Adhere to Character Instead of Style

We insist on the concept of character over style, and do not "seek for novelty or bizarreness", but inherit the spiritual connotation and regional cultural characteristics of Yan'an University. The overall cultural tone, architectural style and landscape environment of the campus echo and fit with the characteristics of Yan'an Loess Plateau,creating a warm and simple campus space with a strong humanistic atmosphere, in order to avoid repeating the stereotyped design style of the current new campuses of Chinese universities,and to shape the unique characteristic of Yan'an University.

1 外景Exterior view

2 全景Overall view

Human-Centred Campus Space

We recognize the idea of taking the students' needs as the main consideration and design a series of public squares, courtyards,connecting corridors, and platforms in the library cluster as the main public space for the faculty and students' interaction and academic communications, emphasizing student activities as the main function of the space. Through landscape design and greenery planting to shape a humanized and multilayered campus environment, we soften the heavy and hard architectural space to create an active and comfortable place for learning and communication.

Vernacular Techniques and Materials

We searched for experienced local craftsmen and conducted experiments on site to compare the texture and colour changes of yellow sandstones with different chiselling directions and depths as they migrated with light and shadow over the course of a day. Through onsite experiments, local yellow sandstones were selected, hand-chiselled by local craftsmen, and built using traditional hand-seamed masonry. As a result, the original and genuine aesthetic value of the local architecture is maximized.

Modern Architectural Language Rooted in Regional Culture

Retreating terrace change: We took the most iconic and continuous architectural symbol in the history of Yan'an University, the retreating terrace kiln, as the concept of architectural design, and as a way to restore and connect the past, strengthening the regional elements, and inheriting the historical context.

Symbol of kiln: As the most characteristic architectural element of Yan'an, it is used throughout the design of the whole campus.However, it is not simply imitated or copied, but combined with the campus culture and actual functional needs. The kiln symbol is used to shape the arcade space, both as the base of the building and to enhance the sense of heaviness.

Cross-brick holes: It is the most common decorative element in Yan'an regional architecture, which is used abstractly on the parapet of the arcade.

Earthy yellow colour: Loess culture is the core element of Yan'an's regional culture.Therefore, the overall tone of the new campus of Yan'an University is mainly earthy yellow,highlighting the heaviness, simplicity,magnificence, an d elegance of the building,highlighting the regional culture of Yan'an and forming a unique symbol of the campus building. □(Translated by QIAN Fang)

材料：黄砂岩，混凝土砌块，装饰混凝土挂板

设计时间：2015-2016

竣工时间：2018

绘图：清华大学建筑设计研究院有限公司

摄影：姚力，曹百强

Interior Design: Huang Lei Studio,Beijing Qingshang Architectural Design and Research Institute

Artistic Creation: Professor LIN Lecheng's Studio at the Academy of Arts &Design Tsinghua University

Site Area: 60,300 m2

Building Area: 74,143.79 m2(Library 49,883.79 m2, Museum 12,072.2 m2,History Museum 12,187.8 m2)

Materials: Yellow sandstone, concrete blocks, decorative concrete hanging slabs

Design Time: 2015-2016 Completion Time: 2018

Drawing: Tsinghua University Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd