中国美术学院良渚校区，杭州，浙江，中国

2022-03-19非常建筑

世界建筑 2022年3期

非常建筑

新教育体系

中国美术学院良渚校区将容纳4000名学生并建立起4个教研方向：发展跨学科创新人才，推动设计与信息经济，融入人工智能技术，建立当代设计教育新标杆。在校园设计竞赛阶段，中国美术学院要求参与建筑师想象一个能够帮助实现上述目标的教育体系。我们建议了一个有如下特征的教学框架：（1）手脑并用。每个学生，无论其未来发展方向，均需上有关制作的基础课程，如绘画、设计或建筑等。（2）高年级的课程以研究项目为主导，培养学生解决实际问题及跨学科团队合作的技能。（3）取消“系”的设置，对知识进行整合。

Towards a New Mode of Education

A new campus of China Academy of Art(CAA) is located in Liangzhu, a district in the city of Hangzhou. At Liangzhu, this art based comprehensive university plans to have four academic divisions, which are College of Innovative Design, College of Art Management,College of Foundational Education, and College of Continuing Education, and will house 3000 full-time students and 1000 continuing education students. The four main objectives of this new campus include developing interdisciplinary innovative talents, promoting design and informational economy, integrating artificial intelligence technology and setting another benchmark for contemporary design education. At the stage of the campus design competition, CAA asked the participating architects to envision an educational system that would meet the missions above. We understood that choosing a major while entering college is no longer the best way for today's higher education and proposed a conceptual framework for learning that is defined by the following: (1) Use head and hands. Every student, regardless his/her discipline or concentration, has to take courses that engage making, from drawing/painting to design/architecture, as part of the foundations.(2) Classes as research projects for advanced level, which allows students to acquire skills to work as an interdisciplinary team and solve realworld problems. (3) Abolish the "departments"so that knowledge is integrated.

建筑育人

基于以上的研究，我们认为建筑可以也应该成为教育体系的一部分。什么样的校园空间有利于动手和实验并鼓励学生之间在课内外互动与合作？尽管传统教室仍然有其存在的必要性，主要的教学空间在良渚被重新定义为开放、延绵的工坊。在工坊中可以进行常规课程的教授，也可以是学生们或独自阅读写画或结伴搭建讨论的场所。在工坊中，校园内所有的活动尽可一览无余，学生一边沉浸在自己的兴趣中一边也不难发现其他同学从事的种种创作。我们希望在这个校园环境中能够模糊教导和学习、研究与实践的界线。高耸的拱顶给工坊带来充分的自然光，也给大型的建造及事件，如会议、戏剧/舞蹈演出，创造了条件。

居学

在良渚，学生就住在工坊之上。工坊、公共空间、宿舍自下而上的垂直布置把学生的生活和学习融为一体，体现了“校园即社区”的理念。宿舍被称为“学舍”，因为其中设置了专门为学生自发组织“兴趣社“的空间。兴趣社是学生自学课程的一种形式。我们希望通过建筑向学生推介“生活即教育”的思想，这正是良渚校园规划及工坊设计背后的核心理念。同时，从设计概念上，良渚校园也是开放的。目前，中国美术学院已经为良渚的新生们开设了一门课，在课上让同学们想象利用校园空间的方式。

1 校园外景Exterior view

2 鸟瞰Aerial view

3 工坊Workshops

4 高层宿舍平面High-rise dormitory plans

独栋校园

在良渚，不但没有教学区与生活区之分，所有的建筑都用廊子相串连，形成了一个只有一栋建筑的校园。为了满足学生们晾晒衣服的需要，同时又不影响混合使用校园对建筑外表统一的追求，我们在宿舍的阳台外面设计了一个整体的格栅系统，达到即整洁又遮阳的目的。在多层宿舍的屋顶等多处，还设计了一系列名为“探索器”的半室外纯建筑空间，以进一步丰富校园生活。

中国美术学院良渚校区分为两个阶段建造。一期已完工，于2021年9月投入使用。整个校园将于2023年建成。□

5 高层宿舍剖面High-rise dormitory section

Architecture that Teaches

Based on the research above, we believe that architecture can and should be part of the educational system. What kind of campus space may best to facilitate making and experimentation as well as to encourage students to interact with each other inside and outside the classroom to nurture collaboration?While traditional classrooms are still necessary,the main teaching-learning space at Liangzhu is redefined as an open, continuous studio,where classes can be held and students may read, write or draw alone, or build, discuss or debate together. In this space, all the activities on campus are visible, which means that a student can be constantly aware of what others are working on while pursuing his/her own interest. We hope to blur teaching and learning, research and practice in this particular school environment. Its vaulted studio spaces bring in ample natural light would allow largescale installations as well as events, such as conferences and drama/dance performances.

Learning and Living

At Liangzhu, students live right above the studios. The vertically sequenced system of dormitory, social space and studios creates an architecture that embodies the concept of"college as community" where students live and study under one roof. Within the dormitories,there are spaces provided to the students for themselves to organize "hobby clubs", which are a form of self-taught courses. We hope to convey to the students the notion of "living is learning", which makes up the core ideas of this campus design along with the studios. In many ways, CAA Liangzhu is an open project. The incoming students have been asked to imagine the ways they will engage the architectural spaces of this campus in a workshop to make the campus their home.

One Building

Since there are no separate zones for teaching facilities and living quarters typical of a college campus, all the buildings at Liangzhu are connected by covered walkways and conceptually woven into a single piece of architecture. Due to the habit of hanging laundry in the dormitory balconies, this mixed-use spatial organization calls for a tidier than usual appearance for the dormitories. A continuous metal louvre is thus devised on the building exteriors to screen off laundry as well as air conditioners while serving as sunshades. On the rooftops of the dormitories, we designed a series of semioutdoor spaces named "view-finders", which is aimed at further enriching the campus life of Liangzhu.

For the purpose of construction management,the CAA Liangzhu project was scheduled in two phases. The first phase was completed in July 2021, and classes began in September of the same year. The entire campus is due to open in 2023.□