倒装句的考点归纳
2022-03-05刘海燕
刘海燕
倒装句是英语考试中经常会出现的考点。为了突出或者强调等目的,将原有的主谓语序进行颠倒就构成了倒装句。倒装句分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种形式。将谓语动词整个移到主语之前是完全倒装结构;只将助动词或者情态动词移到主语之前是部分倒装结构。
一、完全倒装
完全倒装就是把谓语动词全部提前至主语之前。考试中常见的有以下几种情况:
1.句首为 here, there, then 等引导的句子,一般谓语动词都会被提前,形成完全倒装(主谓倒装)。如:
Here comes our school bus. (如果是正常语序的话,应该为Our school bus comes.)
2.句首为介词短语,且句子中的动词是不及物动词时。如:
In the front of the playground sat our English teach-er.
3.句首为表语,并且主语较长或者结构太复杂,这时候要用全部倒装,以免主语看着比较冗长。如:
Present at this room are my best friend Jerry and my deskmate Mary.
Among the food has potatoes, tomatoes, hamburg-er and other dessert.
4.句首为so, neither, nor 开头的句子,表示句子后半部分的情况与前半句的相同,且前后两句的谓语、时态一致,倒装结构为so/neither/nor +系动词/助动词/情态动词。如:
She is good at English, so is her elder sister.
She is not good at English, neither/nor is her elder sister.
二、部分倒装
部分倒装就是把一部分谓语(通常是助动词)放在主语之前。常见的有以下几种情况:
1.否定副词,如seldom, never,little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner 等位于句首时,要用部分倒装,将助动词提前。如:
Seldom does she buy clothes online.
Little does he realize the im-portance of the study.
在这里要注意的一点是如果句首是not…until, not until...,后面要倒装的是主句。如:
正常语句:She didnt leave the classroom until homework was finished.
倒装句:Not until homework was finished did she leave the class-room. (只倒装主句)
2.if 从 句 的 倒 装 ,要 将 if 去 掉 ,将 were, had,should 置于主语前。如:
正常语句:If you had finished your homework,you would join us.
倒 装 句 :Had you finished your homework, you would join us.
3.as引导的让步状语从句中,从句要倒装,将形容词、名词(不加冠词)、副词、分词等提到主语之前。如:
Young as Tom is, he knows to take care of his sick mom.
4.句首为so修饰的形容词或者副词,only修饰副词或者状语时,要部分倒装。如:
Only in this way can you get prize. (注意:如果on-ly 修饰的是主語,则无需倒装,如:Only Mary can do this.)
So smart is he that he can solve this problem.
综上所述,倒装句的知识内容比较多,且比较杂,以上列举了几处常见考点,供学生重点记忆。教师需要引导学生细心归纳总结,帮助学生形成系统的知识框架。
(作者单位:安徽省淮北市开渠中学)