解析高考英语阅读的七选五题型

□宋海龙 徐 静

高考英语中的七选五题型让很多同学感到头疼，怎么选都选不对，甚至还有全错的时候。其实七选五是拿分题，当大家了解了命题意图和原则，掌握了正确的答题方法并经过强化训练，拿满分是完全可能的。

一、题型解读

七选五的试题模式一般为给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。其考查重点为考生对文章整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。选项一般设置主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）、注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）等。七选五考查考生进行语篇分析的理论技巧，既考查篇章内容，又考查对结构的理解，细致到句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的衔接，相当于阅读理解和完型填空的综合。这一题型比阅读理解要难一些，它不仅是对考生阅读速度的考查，还对理解文章的结构、主旨、写作意图、观点等有所考查。

二、解题方法

通过以上对命题意图的分析，可以总结出以下三种解题方法：通读法、研读法、回读法。

（一）通读法

通读法即通过快速通读全文，了解语篇的背景知识和框架结构，划分篇章的层级并确定其主题思想，由此得出文章结构、主题句、写作内容的方法。此方法尤其适用于空格设在段首的题目：一般为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、段落小标题或主题句，作用通常为引出下文，一般是名词短语或祈使句，特征非常明显。

例1.(2020年全国Ⅰ卷，37题)

37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.Why do you follow them? A re you hoping that eventually you will f eel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.

A.Feeling upset again?

B.Where do you start?

C.Nothing is too small to celebrate.

D.Remember,you are only human.

E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.

F.Stop comparing yourself with others.

G.When does the comparison game start?

37.选F。根据本文的框架结构可知，37空处应为段落的小标题。作者在空后提出：不要效仿他人，因为你的生活是你自己的，你是这个世界上唯一的你。所以此处强调人的唯一性、独特性，可以分析出选项F是段落的主旨句，“不要和别人比较”。

（二）研读法

七选五中有很多空只凭借对文章框架结构的分析并不能选出答案，需要我们反复读选项，分析空前空后的内容和词组，密切关注上下文的细微衔接才能推敲出最恰当的选项。这就要求我们进入特定的题目中，设身处地地去分析，细细研读。此时，我们可以通过关键词来辅助解题。如上下文重复的词及有各种关联的词——因果、同义、反义的词和指示代词等。

例2.(2021年全国新高考Ⅰ卷，36题)

My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.

A.Not all the customers are tourists.

B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.

C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.

D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.

E.That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.

F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.

G.The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.

36.上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.(我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周)”说明了背景；下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵的公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大)”是空格处的结果，通过关键词SO可以得出空格处需要填原因；根据F项“Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.(我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上可以活得像巴黎人。)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下来，所以需要租房子，两句构成因果关系。故选F项。

例3.(2021年全国乙卷，37题)

People love to talk a bout themselves.If you can start the conversation with a question other than“What do you do for a living?”,you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to.37,it can bring in “I have this old,broken-down vehicle” or“I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.

A.How do you know the host

B.The first step is to go exploring

C.If you ask th e question “How did you get here?”

D.Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers

E.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say

F.What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking

G.He or she is the person who is fee ling the weight of that awkwardness the most

37.上文中复现了关键词question，同时根据下文it can bring in “I have this old,broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.(它可以带来“我有这辆破旧的车”或“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”这样的回答，它只是打开了对话)可知，设空处应该是提了一个不太好的问题，只是开始交流，但并不会给人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C项“If you ask the question “How did you get here?”(如果你问“你是怎么到这里来的？”这个问题)”能够承接下文，符合题意。故选C项。

（三）回读法

回读法实际上是在对各题做出最初选择后的一个检验方法，是验证正确性的一个重要阶段。比如，根据通读法分析整个文章框架，或通过研读法分析上下文的关键词并做出了选择，那么就需要通过回读法彻底把空前、本空所选答案和空后的句子联系起来，再从前后句的意义和逻辑关系是否能串联的层面来进行分析，确保答案能够满足此处所需内容和结构的双重要求，实现更高的正答率。

在解答一篇七选五试题的过程中，三种方法要结合使用。一般情况下先通读文章内容，再研读段落和句子之间的关系，最后放入所选答案进行回读。同时，需要遵循先易后难的原则，避免从头到尾的做题顺序，即，如果遇到拿不准的题，可以先跳过去，接着往后读，先做容易的，从而快速减少干扰选项，直到读完整篇文章，再代入可能的选项，逐一回读，最终确定选项。