“双碳”目标下的风景园林使命担当

2020年9月，国家主席习近平在第七十五届联合国大会上郑重承诺，中国将提高国家自主贡献力度，采取更加有力的政策和措施，二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值，努力争取2060年前实现碳中和。什么是“碳中和”？“碳”即二氧化碳，“中和”即正负相抵。排出的温室气体总量被植树造林、节能减排等形式抵消，这就是所谓的“碳中和”。从“碳达峰”到“碳中和”，不是量变到质变的过程，而是依赖于科技革命的系统性变革。怎样理解“双碳”目标，关键在于坚持创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，而不是简单地将其解读为一个纯粹的“环境目标”或“政治目标”。任何“一刀切”“运动式”“片面化”的举措都将适得其反。

At the general debate of the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly in September 2020, China announced that it would aim to achieve peak CO2emissions before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060 with improving its nationally determined contributions and adopting more powerful policies and measures. What is carbon neutrality? Carbon neutrality means having a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere in carbon sinks. From “carbon peak” to“carbon neutrality” is not a process from quantitative change to qualitative change, but a systematic change that relies on the scientific and technological revolution. The key to understanding the “dual carbon” goal is to adhere to the new development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, rather than simply interpreting it as a pure “environmental goal” or “political goal”. Any one-sided pursuit of speed will be counterproductive.

“双碳”是国际社会的热点话题。“双碳”目标的提出，促进中国在全球气候应对舞台上实现了从“被动参与”“谨慎负责”到“积极贡献”的碳排承诺。2020年中央经济工作会议将“开展大规模国土绿化行动，提升生态系统碳汇能力”纳入“十四五”开局之年中国经济工作重点任务。2021年，《关于推进城乡建设绿色发展的意见》《中共中央国务院关于完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念做好碳达峰碳中和工作的意见》《2030年前碳达峰行动方案的通知》等文件发布，进一步明确了加快转变城乡建设方式，提出了“双碳”工作的路线图、施工图以及“碳达峰十大行动”。国家科技部正在制定碳中和技术发展路线图及科技行动方案。那种想通过简单的种树增绿方式实现碳中和，是实现不了的；浅显解读“双碳”，拘泥于片面的方法措施，成效也是微弱的。这就要求风景园林人，立足本学科，融合多学科，对“双碳”建立全面的知识框架体系，在热潮中保持清醒，形成正确认识观的基础上，脚踏实地，探寻科学技术途径，以应用于具体实践。

“Dual carbon” is a hot topic in the international community. The proposal of the“dual carbon” goal has promoted China’s commitment to carbon emissions from “passive participation”, “cautious responsibility” to “active contribution” on the global climate response arena. In 2020, the Central Economic Work Conference included “carrying out large-scale land greening action and improving the carbon sink capacity of ecosystem”into the key tasks of China's economic work in the first year of the 14th Five Year Plan.In 2021, China unveiled a master working guideline and several of ficial documents that aims to arrange the roadmap, construction drawings of “dual carbon” and “ten actions of carbon peak”. The Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China is formulating a roadmap for carbon neutral technology development and a science and technology action plan. Carbon neutralization cannot be realized through simple planting and greening; its construction effect is also weak based on the simple understanding and one-sided measures. This requires landscape architects to establish their own disciplines, integrate multiple disciplines, and establish a comprehensive knowledge framework system for “dual carbon”. Besides, they should try to stay sober in the upsurge and explore scientific and technological ways to be applied to specific practice.

“‘双碳’目标下的风景园林”专题兼顾理论阐述和技术路径探索。专题在理论层面，总结了绿地土壤碳库空间分布规律及主要影响因子，重点剖析城市绿地土壤碳排放与自然土壤的差别及其潜在机制；梳理了样地清查法、同化量法、微气象法、遥感估测法等城市绿地碳汇计量监测方法，提出多尺度、多方法结合的城市绿地碳汇计量监测框架；探讨了近10年国内外低碳园林研究热点及研究趋势。专题在技术路径层面，分析了不同类型、结构群落及其组成树种的碳汇能力以及影响群落碳储量的关键因子，对树种选择和配置提出优化方式。本期还对“城市公园可持续发展”进行了专题论述。以“‘双碳’目标下的风景园林”作为本刊2022年的开篇专题，正应了“凡益之道，与时偕行”之论，是新形势下风景园林人坚守初心、勇担使命、寻求科学的又一次探索，也有助于读者更全面、准确地了解“双碳”目标下的风景园林发展。

The topic of “Landscape Architecture under the Dual Carbon Goal” covers both theoretical and technical path exploration. At the theoretical level, the spatial distribution of green soil carbon pool and the main influencing factors were summarized, and authors discussed the difference between urban green soil carbon emissions and natural soil and its potential mechanisms; 4 carbon sequestration measurement and monitoring methods of urban green space were summarized including sample land inventory method, assimilation method, micro meteorological method and remote sensing estimation method; the reearch hotspots and research trends of low-carbon gardens at home and abroad in recent 10 years were also be discussed. At the technical path level,the carbon sink capacity of different types, structural communities and their constituent tree species were analyzed, and optimization methods for tree species selection and configuration were proposed. This issue took the “Sustainable Development of Urban Parks” as the second topic. Taking “Landscape Architecture under the Double Carbon”as the beginning topic in 2022 reflects the advancement with the times. This is another exploration of landscape architects who stick to their original aspirations, shoulder their missions, and seek science under the new situation. It will also help readers to have a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the development of landscape architecture under the “dual carbon” goal.

主编

Editor-in-Chief

2021年12月28日

December 28th, 2021