Use AI to predict earthquakes使用人工智能来预测地震

2022-01-17安徽毛新红

疯狂英语·新策略 2021年12期

安徽毛新红

An earthquake early warning system that uses artificial intelligence(AI)to predict how the ground will move during an earthquake can give several seconds'advance notice that the shaking is coming.

A similar system that uses more traditional computing power is called Shake Alert,and it works by detecting the first waves of earthquake motion and then calculating when the set of waves that cause most of the shaking will arrive.

The new system in development is called DeepShake,which is intended to provide a few seconds'advance warning once an earthquake has started.However,Deep Shake uses a deep neural network,a type of AI learning,to identify patterns from past earthquakes in order to predict how the shaking from a new quake will travel.This could lead to faster processing across different regions.

“When we set out on this project,our main goal was to beat the ground motion prediction equations that are currently used to program ShakeAlert system,”said Avoy Datta,who developed DeepShake.“They tend to be very slow because they need numerical solvers,running on supercomputers,and they can take minutes and even hours to process.”

Despite the fact that DeepShake is given no information about the earthquake's location or type,it is able to give warnings between 3 and 13 seconds before the earthquake happens.This is similar to the amount of advance notice with ShakeAlert.Researchers view this system as a competitor to make progress because DeepShake technology can be used to make up for ShakeAlert.The researchers hope to expand the testing to other faults.

Ground shaking at any given spot can betrickyto predict.For example,ShakeAlert once failed to send out warnings during the largest quakes in the Ridgecrest earthquake sequence in 2019 because the shaking was expected to not reach the program's threshold of“light shaking” in some areas that did indeed experience light shaking.The advantage of deep-learning networks,is that they can automatically collect information,because they are based on past experiences of shaking in that location.Unlike ShakeAlert,which uses more universal equations with assumptions built in,DeepShake will have to be retrained in each individual region where it is used.This training,however,will catch patterns that traditional equations may not.

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所谓工分的稀释化，即把非农业生产的工分拿回农业之内进行分配，从而导致工分被稀释、分值下降的现象。这里的“农业”是指狭义上的农业。而造成工分稀释化的原因主要有：国家大量征收的公购粮、农田水利基本建设、文化教育事业、队干的补贴工等。下面将一一进行论述。

1.How does ShakeAlert predict earthquakes according to the text?

A.By figuring out where most waves are.

B.By finding out most of the large waves.

C.By discovering when the waves will arrive.

D.By detecting the first waves of earthquakes.

2.What's the aim of DeepShake?

A.To improve ShakeAlert.

C.To prevent the terrible earthquakes.

D.To change the traditional methods.