高考英语新题型试题选登

黑龙江 王莹 湖北 刘梦弦 浙江 陈文炜

【完形填空1】

Nicole Zuno was not only accepted to Harvard but 16 other universities and earned a famous full scholarship from the Gates Foundation.Before that, at one1, the daughter of two immigrant parents didn’t know how she would2college.Zuno’s acceptance to the Ivy League school is the3of her parents’ sacrifice and her own years of hard work.

“It has definitely been my childhood dream,”she says.“I was probably 9 years old when I knew I wanted to go to Harvard.It was definitely4and it was completely unexpected for me,”said Zuno.

Zuno is also one of just 300 students across the country to5full funding from The Gates Scholarship,6by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.She plans to7human development in the hope of one day becoming a researcher, a career8by her younger sister’s disability.She9there are so many genetic disorders out there and little is often10about each of these genetic disorders.So that’s something she hopes to11and she wants to research and learn more about those12.

As the daughter of two immigrant parents who wasn’t13about how to pay for college, she has this14for others:“Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his15to it.”

1.A.period B.corner

C.point D.stage

2.A.pay for B.struggle for

C.prepare for D.start for

3.A.influence B.result

C.determination D.criterion

4.A.exciting B.confusing

C.embarrassing D.annoying

5.A.refuse B.require

C.guarantee D.receive

6.A.rewarded B.provided

C.acknowledged D.controlled

7.A.affect B.witness

C.study D.balance

8.A.ruined B.postponed

C.restricted D.inspired

9.A.figures B.assumes

C.criticizes D.reminds

10.A.concerned B.brought

C.heard D.known

11. A.select B.confirm

C.undertake D.tolerate

12.A.diseases B.disadvantages

C.coincidences D.anecdotes

13.A.crazy B.sure

C.curious D.serious

14.A.response B.application

C.commitment D.advice

15.A.memory B.mind

C.idea D.promise

【命题意图】本语篇选自国外英文网站，语言原汁原味，主要讲述了Zuno 通过努力被哈佛大学录取，并获得盖茨基金会提供的盖茨奖学金全额资助，她希望从事人类发展研究的工作，为人类的基因病做出贡献。主题语境为人与自我，体裁为记叙文，是高考完形填空的常考体裁之一，人与自我的素材话题也是高考高频话题。本题与2021年新高考I 卷完形填空，体裁、语篇类型一致，命题角度和考查知识点等接近。本语篇的预设难度为中等，其中考查动词8 处，考查形容词2 处，考查名词5 处。命题侧重于考查考生对于整体事件发展过程的推断能力以及对于作者情感的把握能力，尤其是对于篇章整体的把握能力。本题的设误点主要为考生对于时间线的理解，对事件发展过程的准确把控，以及能否根据相应线索做出推断和对情感态度的把控能力。

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Zuno通过努力被哈佛大学录取，并获得盖茨基金会提供的盖茨奖学金全额资助以及她希望从事人类发展研究的工作，为人类的基因病做出贡献的故事。

1.C 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文中的“the daughter of two immigrant parents didn’t know how she wouldcollege”及语境可知，在此之前，父母都是移民的这个女儿一度不知道如何支付大学的费用。at one point 意为“一度，在某一时刻”。故选C。

2.A 考查动词短语辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文中的“As the danghter of two immigrant parents who wasn’tabout how to pay for college”可知，父母都是移民的这个女儿一度不知道如何支付大学的费用。pay for 意为“支付”。故选A。

3.B 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文中的“Zuno’s acceptance to the Ivy League school”及下文中的“her parents’sacrifice and her own years of hard work”可知，Zuno 被常春藤盟校录取是她父母的牺牲和她自己多年努力学习的结果。result 意为“结果”。故选B。

4.A 考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文中的“and it was completely unexpected for me” 可知，Zuno 说：“这（件事）绝对是令人激动的，它完全出乎我的意料。” exciting 意为“令人激动的”。故选A。

5.D 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据 上 文 中的“earned a famous full scholarship from the Gates Foundation”和 下 文 中 的“full funding from The Gates Scholarship”可知，Zuno 也是全美国仅有的300 名收到盖茨奖学金全额资助的学生之一。receive 意为“收到”。故选D。

6.B 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文中的“by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation”可知，此处指由盖茨基金会提供的盖茨奖学金。provide 意为“提供”。故选B。

7.C 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文中的“human development in the hope of one day becoming a researcher”可知，Zuno 计划研究人类发展，希望有一天能成为一名研究员。study意为“研究”。故选C。

8.D 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文中“by her youner sister’s disability”及语境可知，研究员这一职业是受到Zuno 妹妹残疾的启发。inspire 意为“激励，启发思考”。故选D。

9.A 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文中的“there are so many genetic disorders out there and little is oftenabout each of these genetic disorders”可知，Zuno 认为有很多遗传疾病，人们通常对每一种遗传疾病都知之甚少。figure 意为“认为”。故选A。

10.D 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文中 的“about each of these genetic disorders ”可知，人们通常对每一种遗传疾病都知之甚少。know 意为“知道，了解”。故选D。

11.C 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文中的“She plans tohuman development in the hope of one day becoming a researcher”和下文中的“and she wants to research and learn more about those”可知，所以这是Zuno 希望从事的工作。undertake 意为“从事”。故选C。

12.A 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文“Shethere are so many genetic disorders out there and little is oftenabout each of these genetic disorders.”及语境可知，Zuno 想研究和学习更多关于这些疾病的知识。disease 意为“疾病”。故选A。

13.B 考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文“Before that, at one, the daughter of two immigrant parents didn’t know how she wouldcollege.”可知，作为父母都是移民的女儿，Zuno 不知道该如何支付大学学费。sure 意为“确信的”。故选B。

14.D 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文中的“Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets histo it”可知，Zuno 给别人的忠告是“世上无难事，只怕有心人。”advice 意为“建议，忠告”。故选D。

15.B 考查名词辨析。

【 解题思路】根据上文“Nothing in the world is difficult”及语境可知，世上无难事，只怕有心人。set one’s mind 意为“下定决心”。故选B。

【亮点句】“...Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.”（最后一段）

译文：“……世上无难事，只怕有心人。”

【词汇积累】

scholarship n.奖学金

sacrifice n.牺牲definitely adv.当然，明确地unexpected adj.出乎意料的genetic disorder 遗传性疾病

【读后续写1】

One afternoon after school, Mary and her brother, Keith, were eating at a cafe near their home.That afternoon, they had to share their table with another person.That person was a young lady in her twenties.After eating, she went to the restroom.Without realizing, she had left her handphone on the table.Five minutes later, she came out and walked out of the cafe without looking back.

Mary saw the handphone on the table.She quickly told Keith, “Keith, the girl left behind her handphone.” Keith looked at the handphone.It was one of the latest models on the market.Looking very sleek（时尚的）, it was red in colour with a black cover.The handphone must be expensive.

Keith had always wanted a handphone.But his parents refused.He stared at it for some minutes.Then he said slowly, pausing on very word,“I want to take the handphone.” Mary could not believe her ears.She merely stared at her brother.“You can’t! What if the owner comes to look for it?”

Having made the decision, Keith quickly grabbed the handphone and put it in his schoolbag.Then, he took Mary’s hand and led her out of the cafe quickly.Outside the cafe, he ran to his bicycle.Mary had to run after him.

Once back home, Keith locked his house door with trembling hands.Looking at the handphone, he liked it so much.Now he had his own handphone.But Mary told him, “Keith, you cannot keep the handphone.What will you tell father about this handphone?”

Keith said quickly,“I will say a friend lent it to me.”

Mary said, “Now you are lying too.” Oh dear! When had Keith turned so dishonest?

Then Mary saw a house phone number on the plastic cover of the handphone.“This phone number is the girl’s phone number.Why don’t we just call this number? We will talk to her and ask her to come and take back her handphone.” She was trying her best to talk some sense into him.

Paragraph 1:

That night, Keith couldn’t go to sleep, reflecting in bed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

Back home from school, they phoned the owner’s house phone.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【命题意图】本语篇选自国外英文网站，语篇原汁原味，主要讲述了Mary 和Keith 在餐厅吃饭时，同桌的女士把手机落在了桌子上，Keith 想要这部手机，Mary 劝说他归还手机，Keith 内心挣扎，最后战胜自己，归还失主手机，并意识到诚实的美德的故事。本文的主题语境为人与社会，体裁为记叙文，人与自我的素材话题也是高考高频话题。本题与2021年新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写，体裁、语篇类型一致。本篇续写的预设难度为中等。命题旨在考查考生对于整体事件发展过程的推断能力以及对于Keith 心理活动的把握能力，并引导学生树立正确的世界观。

【写作指导】

文章主线：

▲已知线索：Mary 和Keith 在餐厅吃饭——同桌的女士把手机落在了桌子上——Keith 想要这部手机——Mary很反对，劝说Keith 不要这样做——Keith 将手机放进书包里冲回了家——Mary 发现了手机塑料外壳上女士的座机号码——Mary 和Keith 讲道理，劝说他归还手机……

▲可续写线索：

Para 1:当天晚上，Keith 无法入睡，躺在床上思考。Keith 的内心感受是什么？他最后的决定是什么？

Para 2:第二天放学回到家，他们给失主的座机打了电话。Keith 和失主的对话是什么？他们达成了什么协议？最后结果是什么？

One possible version

Paragraph 1:

That night, Keith couldn’t go to sleep, reflecting in bed.He had difficulty sleeping.Of course, he liked the new handphone.However, he was feeling sorry for the owner.The lady looked young.She would be very sad at the loss of her handphone.In the morning, he decided to return the handphone to the owner.After school, he told Mary, “I am going to phone the owner.” Mary was glad to hear that.

Paragraph 2:

Back home from school, they phoned the owner’s house phone.A girl answered the phone.Keith asked,“Are you the owner of the handphone? I’m Keith.I have your handphone.Can you come and get it?”The girl replied excitedly,“Yes, yes! I am the owner.Thank you! Thank you! I will come now.”Ten minutes later, she was at the same cafe to meet Keith.Handing back the handphone to her and seeing her smile happily, Keith realized that honesty was indeed the best virtue.

【范文赏析】

情节方面，范文保证了文章的完整性、衔接性、合理性。（1）完整性：在原文中作者讲述了Keith 想要留下同桌女士落下的手机，Mary 不赞同，并对他进行劝说。范文在原文的基础上描述了Keith 的心理活动，以及其做出的正确的选择——决定归还手机。最后升华文章主题。（2）衔接性：范文情节衔接紧密，推动故事的发展。续写第一段首句说那天晚上，Keith 无法入睡，躺在床上思考，范文接着讲述Keith 反思的心理活动，并做出归还手机的决定，和第二段首句“放学回到家以后，他们给失主的座机打了电话”衔接紧密，第二段接着讲述了Keith 和失主的对话内容及双方达成的具体协议。所以，范文环环相扣，层次分明，衔接紧密。（3）合理性：晚上，Keith 难以入睡，对是否留下手机很纠结，之后下定决心归还手机，与失主进行对话，最后意识到诚实的美德，升华主题。

语言方面，续写第一段对Keith 内心活动的描写，表 达Keith 纠 结 的 心 情。have difficulty doing, of course, however, feel sorry, sad, decide, glad 等词或短语的使用符合高考英语对考生掌握3500 词的要求，和情节紧密相连，使用恰当。Handing back the handphone to her and seeing her smile happily 等非谓语动词的使用灵活、地道。

（作者单位：黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市依安县第一中学）

【完形填空2】

I’m not as smart as I think I am, since I’m a bit more1these days.

I was that kid in class with my hand2in the air, correcting people’s grammar and pronunciation.I got mostly straight A’s, and I beat myself up if I didn’t.I didn’t attach much value to3skills, sports, and so forth.I was definitely arrogant when it4to TV, movies, and music.And I pretty much thought I was5than just about everyone else.

The6really began when I went to a top-ranked law school, and it was the first time I had been absolutely surrounded by those who were smarter than, or7as smart as me.It was a bit of a jolt（震惊）as I tried to find my8in that community.I did fine in law school, but there was nothing particularly special about my9there.Since I could no longer identify myself as“the smart one”, I had to look for other ways to10myself.

Ultimately, I found I could11that obsessive（痴迷者）need to always be the best at everything.I12myself up to new experiences: art and physical activities that got me out of my head.I watched all the high school movies I had13to watch and found that I actually really liked them.I also began to truly appreciate other types of intelligence14book smarts.I now see my type of intelligence as only one among many types of intelligence.

The world actually became a much more colorful place15I learned this lesson.

1.A.generous B.anxious

C.humble D.outspoken

2.A.barely B.constantly

C.slightly D.appropriately

3.A.new B.mental

C.special D.social

4.A.went B.referred

C.happened D.came

5.A.taller B.smarter

C.happier D.greater

6.A.shift B.story

C.journey D.accident

7.A.at most B.at least

C.at last D.at first

8.A.hobby B.intelligence

C.place D.way

9.A.life B.situation

C.ability D.performance

10.A.define B.treat

C.improve D.find

11.A.catch up with B.let go of

C.live up to D.narrow down

12.A.looked B.turned

C.opened D.lift

13.A.refused B.stopped

C.used D.desired

14.A.in spite of B.in addition to

C.instead of D.regardless of

15.A.because B.so

C.though D.once

【命题意图】记叙文为高考完形填空的必考体裁，人的自我发展的素材话题为高考高频话题。本题选材贴近学生生活实际，体现生活性、交际性、时代性。语料真实，注重英语学科核心素养的方向引领，不仅考查学生的语言能力，也考查学生的学习能力。

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者进入顶尖大学后，发现了自己的自大，开始欣赏别人身上的优点，最终感受到生活的丰富多彩的故事。

1.C 考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文中的“I’m not as smart as I think I am”及语境可知，此处指作者在心态上更谦虚了。humble意为“谦虚的”。故选C。

2.B 考查副词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文中的“I was that kid in class with my hand”及语境可知，作者上课的时候一直在举手纠正别人的语法和发音。constantly 意为“一直”。故选B。

3.D 考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文中的“skills, sports and so forth”及语境可知，此处指社交技能。social 意为“社交的”。故选D。

4.D 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据语境可知，此处指当谈到电视、电影和音乐时，作者绝对是一个傲慢的人。when it comes/came to 意为 “当谈到，当提到”。故选D。

5.B 考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文中的“those who were smarter than, oras smart as me”和上文中的“I was definitely arrogant”可知，作者认为自己比任何人都聪明。smarter意为“更聪明的”。故选B。

6.A 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文作者发现很多人都比自己或者至少跟自己一样聪明可推知，事情开始发生了变化。shift意为“变化”。故选A。

7.B 考查介词短语辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文中的“as smart as me”及语境可知，此处指至少和作者一样聪明。at least 意为“至少”。故选B。

8.C 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文中 的“there was nothing particularly special about mythere”可知，作者发现其他人都很聪明，作者试图寻找自己的位置。place 意为“位置”。故选C。

9.D 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文中的“I did fine in law school”可知，这里是说在学校中的表现。performance 意为“表现”。故选D。

10.A 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上文中的“I could no longer identify myself as‘the smart one’”及语境可知，作者无法用聪明来定义自己，所以重新给自己下定义。define意为“下定义”。故选A。

11.B 考查动词短语辨析。

【解题思路】根据语境可知，作者发现自己放下了对自己在任何事情中都要是最好的那一个的痴迷。let go of意为“放下”。故选B。

12.C 考查动词搭配辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文中的“new experiences”及语境可知，作者敞开心扉去尝试新的经历。open up 意为“敞开心扉”。故选C。

13.A 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据语境可知，作者看了以前不愿意看的电影。refuse to do 意为“拒绝做某事”。故选A。

14.B 考查介词短语辨析。

【解题思路】根据语境可知，除了书本智慧外，作者也开始欣赏其他类型的智慧。in addition to 意为“除……之外（还有）”。故选B。

15.D 考查连词辨析。

【解题思路】根据语境可知，此处表示一旦作者了解到这些之后，世界就变成了一个更加丰富多彩的地方了。once 意为“一旦”。故选D。

【亮点句】I now see my type of intelligence as only one among many types of intelligence.The world actually became a much more colorful place once I learned this lesson.（文章最后两句）

译文：现在我认为我的智慧只是许多类型的智慧中的一种。一旦我了解了这个，世界就变成一个更加丰富多彩的地方了。

【词汇积累】

arrogant adj.自大的，傲慢的

absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地

particularly adv.特别

ultimately adv.最后，根本上

appreciate v.欣赏，感激，领会

intelligence n.智慧

（作者单位：湖北省咸宁高级中学）

【读后续写2】

Theresa had always looked forward to the first day of school, but this year was different.Due to her father’s recent job change, she and her family had moved across the country to a new town and a new neighborhood.

She didn’t even want to get out of bed.Getting up meant going to school.She didn’t know a soul.She had no friends here.Who would she talk to? Who would she hang out with? This would not be a good day, she thought to herself.

After a quick breakfast, she grabbed her things and headed down the street to the corner where the bus would pick her up.

In the distance, she could see two girls laughing about something.As Theresa got closer, the girls shot a brief look at her way and then continued on with their conversation.Finally the bus arrived.Theresa stepped on and sat alone.The ride was bumpy（颠簸）, and it seemed like an eternity（极长的时间）until the bus pulled up in front of the school.

Theresa climbed off the bus with no idea where to go.The school was much bigger than her old one.She had made it through the first three hours.The classes weren’t bad.She

could simply find a desk and sit there.The teachers pretty much

just went over class rules and grading policies—no serious learning was expected on the first day.But now it’s lunch time, and she was keenly aware of the fact that she had no one to catch up with—no one to sit and dine with.She wondered if she had ever reached out to any of the new students where she used to go to school.Now she was the new kid, and it was harder than she had ever imagined.

She found a place alone in the corner and sat down with lunch.Just as she started to eat, she saw two girls approaching.They were the girls from the bus stop.

“Do you mind if we join you?” said the one in front.

Paragraph 1:

“Mind? Please was more like it,” Theresa thought and quickly replied,“not at all.” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

For Theresa, the ride home was quite a bit different from the bus trip that morning.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

【命题意图】本题语篇聚焦于校园生活，主题为学生所熟悉，人物关系简单清晰，意在考查学生的英语语言运用能力、故事情节构建能力及主题把握能力。语言运用能力上，主要考查考生人物心理和神态描写的功底；故事情节构建和主题把握上，主要考查考生构建合理情节，使续 写与所给文本在人物性格、故事情节和语言风格上实现协同的能力。

【写作指导】

文章主线：

▲已知线索：Theresa 因父亲换工作转到一个新学校——与以往期待开学第一天的心情不同，她今天甚至不愿意去学校——去学校的公交车上，看到其他女孩成群结队，她自己形单影只，倍感寂寞——中午吃饭时，Theresa准备一个人孤独地吃午饭——这时两个女孩走过来，询问是否能一起吃饭……

▲可续写线索：

Para 1:续写第一段开头的意思是介意还是求之不得呢。“一点也不介意”，Theresa 回答。根据所给文章最后两段Theresa 找了一张角落里的桌子，准备独自吃午饭，这时她早上遇见过的那两个女生走过来，主动询问能否一起拼桌吃饭。从此处信息可知，接下来可描写Theresa 与两位女生的认识、交谈和共享午餐的情景。结合第二段第一句“Theresa 放学回家在公交车上的心情与早上她去上学时的落寞心情大有不同”，可知第一段中可描写Theresa与两位新认识的女生相谈甚欢，相处融洽，并且极有可能相约放学一起回家。写作时可用关键词：Theresa, laugh, bus stop, sit 等。

Para 2:续写第二段开头的意思是对于Theresa 而言，放学回家时的心情与早上来上学的落寞心情大不相同，再结合上文信息可知，这一段主要描述Theresa 与那两位女生成为朋友后，一起回家的愉快心情和感受。这里最好能把Theresa 放学后与新结交的朋友一起回家的喜悦之情与她早上独自一人乘公交车上学的落寞情绪进行对比描写，形成前后文呼应。写作时可用关键词：friend, good, school 等。

One possible version

Paragraph 1:

“Mind? Please was more like it,”Theresa thought and quickly replied,“not at all.”“This is usually where we sit for lunch, and since we saw you at the bus stop this morning , it must be fate or something,”said the other girl.“Maybe we’re supposed to be friends.”And with that, new friendships were formed.Chatting about their classes and giggling about various adventures through the whole lunch, the three girls agreed to head home together at the end of the day as they parted for next class.

Paragraph 2:

For Theresa, the ride home was quite a bit different from the bus trip that morning.She now had people to sit with and new friends to talk to.The time went by much more quickly than the ride to school.The girls talked and laughed the entire way back to their neighborhood.They exited the bus and began the walk to their respective houses.One by one, they said their goodbyes and exchanged quick hugs followed by a“See you tomorrow.”

【范文赏析】

情节方面，范文非常好地体现了文章的完整性、衔接性、合理性和融洽性。（1）完整性：文章描述的是女孩Theresa 到新学校第一天的生活。原文描述了她早上乘公交车去上学的孤寂心情，续写部分则描述了下午放学时她结交到朋友后，一起回家的那种快乐与雀跃，完整地呈现了Theresa 到新学校第一天的心路历程。（2）衔接性：范文与原文情节衔接紧密而流畅，逻辑自然而清晰，续写部分与第一、二段首句衔接得非常好。（3）合理性：续写范文的情节逻辑合理且明晰，第一段首句为Theresa 欣然同意与两个女孩拼桌一起吃饭，既然是同桌吃饭，那么聊天交流是必然之事，续写第一段便是描写女孩们初次聊天的情况。第二段首句为Theresa 在放学回家的路上的心情与上学路上的心情截然不同。接下来自然而然地就应该是描写心情是如何的不同，续写第二段描述的便是回家路上与上午上学时的不同情形和心情。（4）融洽性：续写部分情节与原文高度契合和协同，人物性格特点与原文完全相符。文章最后用了女孩们相约明天一起上学作为结尾，余韵十足。

语言方面，续写部分遣词造句细腻而地道，充分展示了文中人物的心理活动和言行，文中细致恰当的语言描写让人物更加立体和丰富。句式变化也非常丰富，非谓语与从句的运用非常地道，比如Chatting about their classes and giggling about various adventures through the whole lunch, the three girls...