科技前沿

广东 张 燕

激活·素养解读

实践·读写整合

The first successfully cloned endangered animal 第一只被成功克隆的濒危动物

This black-footed ferret（雪貂）is not only cute,she is beyond special.Meet Elizabeth Ann,the first endangered animal to be successfully cloned in North America.

In a joint scientific effort between the US Fish and Wildlife Service,and a combination of other organizations,an endangered species was successfully cloned.This is a huge deal on so many levels,especially for the future of species biodiversity.

Back in 2013,an organization called Revive & Restore popped up on the radar of the US Fish and Wildlife Service.Their goal is to“involve bio-technologies in standard conservation practice”.There's no denying that biodiversity hasgreat importance in conservation efforts when there are a few living animals of a species left.

Before that,way back in 1985,genetic samples from Willa,a wild black-footed ferret,were shipped to a geneticist at the San Diego Zoo.These genetic samples led to the ferret alive today.Dr Ryder,the aforementioned geneticist,works at a place called the Frozen Zoo.This incredible place houses the “largest and most diverse collection of its kind in the world”.This frozen library of life contains over 10,000 living genetic samples.The combined achievement to successfully clone the endangered blackfooted ferret is big news for this organization.

Elizabeth Ann's journey towards life began when all of the above organizations teamed up with ViaGen Pets & Equine,a commercial cloning company.A domesticated ferret was used to implant the created embryos,which was successful.Then on December 10,Elizabeth Ann was born via C-section （剖宫产）.She was cared for,and once she was stable,tests were done to confirm her genetic makeup.

Other clones from Willa's samples will join Elizabeth Ann at her current home at the National Black-footed Ferret Conservation Center in Colorado.This exciting experiment will continue as scientists work towards understanding the effects that these clones will have on the larger ecosystem,and if they will ever be able to be integrated into the wild population.

These developments are beyond exciting for the protection of many lost and endangered species.All eyes are on the Frozen Zoo and the future of cloning to protect and revitalize(使……恢复生机)threatened species around the world.

Activity A Reading for understanding

Ⅰ.Text-centered chunks

pop up突然出现

be integrated into （使）融入；（使）并入……

Ⅱ.Text-centered sentences

一、介词短语作状语

In a joint scientific effort between the US Fish and Wildlife Service,and a combination of other organizations,an endangered species was successfully cloned.在美国鱼类及野生动物管理局和其他组织科学方面的共同努力下，一种濒危物种被成功克隆。

【点石成金】介词短语In a joint scientific effort between...and...在句子中作状语，表示方式，可译为“在……和……的共同努力下”。

【运用迁移】有了黑板上这些句子，学生们就可以很容易地把它们写下来。

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二、There be句型

There's no denying that biodiversity has great importance in conservation efforts.不可否认，生物多样性在保护工作中具有重要意义。

【点石成金】There is no denying that...意为“不可否认……”。

【运用迁移】不可否认，学生们应该学习一些计算机的工作原理。

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Activity B Reading for writing

假定你是李华，你们的校报刊登了关于上文成功使用克隆技术保护濒危动物的文章，并向同学们征稿，请同学们就“使用克隆技术来保护濒危动物”这一话题发表自己的看法。请你根据下面的内容要点给校报写一封回信：

1.你对使用克隆技术来保护濒危动物的看法；

2.你的理由。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.至少需要使用一个There be句型或介词短语作状语；

4.注意段落内的逻辑关系。

Dear Editor,

Look forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

写作导引

本次写作任务是写一篇征稿回信，要求学生向校报阐述自己对是否应该使用克隆技术来保护濒危动物这一话题的看法及理由，并且需要使用There be句型或介词短语作状语。这些写作要求和上面文章的主题语境是紧密相关的。我们可以通过分析并整合阅读材料的内容和语言，拓展素材，从而梳理写作思路。

一、语篇解码

（一）内容分析

What is the text mainly about?

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（二）宏观结构

Fill in the blanks according to the text.

二、素材积累

本次写作任务是基于同一主题的文章阅读下的写作，我们可以通过模仿并运用文章中的语言表达，如词块和句型，积累写作的语言素材。

（一）科技发展的核心表达

1.social development社会发展；社会开发

2.apply to适用于；应用于

3.It's very convenient to做……很方便

4.be expected to benefit sb有望使某人受益

5.mobile network移动网络

6.functions and application功能及应用

7.lead a solo effort on exploring...独自努力引领在……方面的探索

（二）表达观点的核心表达

1.From my point of view,I am in favour of the idea that...在我看来，我认同这个观点……

2.I can't agree more with you.我完全同意你的看法。

3.Some people think that...,while others argue that...一些人认为……，而其他人则认为……

4.First of all,...What's more,...Furthermore,...首先，……其次，……而且，……

（三）分析原因的核心表达

1.There are many reasons why...有很多原因……

2.Reasons for...are varied.……的原因是各种各样的。

3.The reasons can be listed as follows./The reasons for this are as follows.原因可以列举如下。

4.Another reason behind...背后的另一个原因是……

5.Efforts could be made to increase competition in...and reduce systemic risk.努力可以增加……的竞争性并降低系统性风险。

三、写作支架

本次写作任务要求写一篇“观点+原因分析”的文章。根据任务中的要求，语篇结构可定为“表达观点+分析原因+总结观点”。文章的框架如下：

Dear_______,

How is everything going?So glad am I to hear from you that I am writing to share with you my opinion about...

Recently,...has/have aroused wide public concern and I'm of no exception.From my point of view,I am in favour of the idea that...The reasons can be listed as follows.First of all,...What's more,...Furthermore,...

From what is mentioned above,I'm sure you can understand that...I'm eager to know your idea.Look forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

四、语篇过手

根据以上提供的主题、主题表达和语篇结构，写出第一、二段。第一段点出主题，第二段表达观点及分析原因。总词数控制在80左右。

同时，学习运用前文阅读中出现的There be句型和介词短语作状语，并关注段内的逻辑关系，如演绎关系、归纳关系、递进关系和对比关系，需要注意使用恰当的连词。

The rise of online learning 线上学习成热潮

Globally,over 1.2 billion children are out of the classroom because of COVID-19.As a result,education has changed dramatically with the unique rise of E-learning.Research suggests that online learning has been shown to increase the reserve of information,and take less time.

While some believe that the unplanned and rapid move to online learning—with no training,insufficient bandwidth （带宽）,and little preparation,will result in a poor user experience,others believe that a new mixed model of education will arise with significant benefits.

There is evidence that learning online can be more effective in a number of ways.Some research shows that on average,students remember 25%-60% more material when learning online compared to only 8%-10% in a classroom.This is mostly due to the students being able to learn faster online;E-learning requires 40%-60% less time to learn than in a traditional classroom setting because students can learn at their own pace,going back and re-reading,skipping,or accelerating through concepts as they choose.

There are,however,challenges to overcome.Some students without reliable Internet access or technology struggle to participate in digital learning;this gap is seen across countries and between income levels within countries.For example,while 95% of students in Switzerland,Norway,and Austria have a computer to use for their schoolwork,only 34% in Indonesia do,according to OECD data.

For those who do have access to the right technology,the effectiveness of online learning varies amongst age groups.The general consensus （普遍共识）on children,especially younger ones,is that a structured environment is required,because kids are more easily distracted.To get the full benefit of online learning,there needs to be a combined effort to provide this structure and go beyond copying a physical class/lecture through video capabilities,instead,using a range of cooperation tools and engagement methods that promote “inclusion,personalization and intelligence”,according to Dowson Tong,Senior Executive Vice President of Tencent and President of its Cloud and Smart Industries Group.

Activity A Reading for understanding

Ⅰ.Text-centered chunks

change dramatically发生巨大变化；发生戏剧性变化

result in导致；造成

be compared to与……相比

at one's own pace以某人自己的节奏

overcome challenges克服挑战

Ⅱ.Text-centered sentences

一、定语从句

For those who do have access to the right technology,the effectiveness of online learning varies amongst age groups.对于那些能够接触到恰当的科技的人来说，在线学习的效果因年龄而异。

【点石成金】定语从句who do have access to the right technology用来修饰先行词those，意为“那些能够接触到恰当的科技的人”。

【运用迁移】喜欢线上学习的同学认为在家里上课很方便。

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二、非谓语结构

To get the full benefit of online learning,there needs to be a combined effort to provide this structure.为了充分享受线上学习的好处，（人们）需要齐心协力来提供这种结构。

【点石成金】To get the full benefit of online learning表示“为了充分享受线上学习的好处”，这里是非谓语to do作目的状语。

【运用迁移】为了获得更强的信号，他爬上顶楼去上网课。

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Activity B Reading for writing

你们班本周一班会课将举办关于线上学习的演讲比赛，请你根据下面的写作要点写一篇演讲稿，阐述你对线上学习的看法：

1.线上学习的优点；

2.线上学习的缺点；

3.你的结论。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.至少需要使用一个定语从句或非谓语结构；

4.注意段落内的逻辑关系。

Online learning

写作导引

本次写作任务是写一篇演讲稿，要求学生阐述自己对线上学习的看法，包括分析其利弊，并且需要使用至少一个定语从句或非谓语结构。这些写作要求和上面文章的主题语境是紧密相关的，我们可以通过分析并整合阅读材料的内容和语言，拓展素材，从而梳理写作思路。

一、语篇解码

（一）内容分析

What is the text mainly about?

_____________________________________________________________________________

（二）宏观结构

Fill in the blanks according to the text.

二、素材积累

（一）利弊对比的核心表达

1.Generally speaking,...has/have both advantages and disadvantages.On the one hand...On the other hand...总的来说，……既有优点也有缺点。一方面……另一方面……

2.Generally,the advantages of...can be seen as follows.总的来说，……的优点如下。

3.But every coin has two sides.The disadvantages are also apparent.但是事物都具有两面性。其缺点也很明显。

4.Through the above analysis,I believe that the positive aspects outweigh the negative ones.Therefore,I would like to suggest that...通过上述分析，我相信积极的方面胜过消极的方面。因此，我想建议……

5.From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of...,we know that...根据正反两方面影响的比较，我们知道……

三、写作支架

Ladies and gentlemen,

Good morning,I'm Li Hua.It's my great honor to be here to say something about...（主题）

Recently,...has/have aroused wide public concern.Generally speaking,...has/have both advantages and disadvantages.On the one hand...On the other hand...But every coin has two sides.The disadvantages are also apparent...

From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of...,we know that...

四、语篇过手

在构思演讲稿的语篇框架时，应注意第一段要及时点明演讲主题，第二段阐述自己的观点和论据。总词数控制在80左右。

同时，学习运用前文中出现的定语从句或非谓语结构，并关注段内的关系，如空间关系、时间关系或是一般逻辑关系，需要注意使用恰当的连词。