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风情海南岛

2021-12-02郭晓娟

走向世界 2021年44期
关键词:三亚市黎族苗族

郭晓娟

海南島属热带季风海洋性气候,一年有旱季和雨季两个季节,夏无酷热,冬无严寒,历来是游客的度假胜地。地处海南岛最南端的三亚市,更是凭借宜人的气候、漫长的海岸线、秀美的滨海风光,被誉为“东方夏威夷”。

一个冬日,我们暂别北方的严寒,飞越崇山峻岭、江河湖海,一路向南,3个小时后终于站在了三亚市的凤凰国际机场。二十七八摄氏度的气温,伴随着迎面吹来的暖风,让着装臃肿厚重的北方旅人略感燥热。脱下冬装,换上夏衣,开上新租的“琼”字牌号车辆,迎着海风驰骋在宽阔的大路上,看着被甩在身后的机场渐行渐远,长途跋涉的疲惫也一扫而光。

海岛之旅的第一站,自然是被誉为“天下第一湾”的亚龙湾。大自然的鬼斧神工,在三亚市东部海岸线上勾勒出多个美丽海湾,其中以亚龙湾和海棠湾知名度最高。亚龙湾背靠群山、面朝南海,海湾整体呈月牙状。热心的当地人为我们介绍起亚龙湾的“五个好”:沙滩好,沙子干净细腻,踩上去非常舒服;海水质量好,清澈见底,终年可游泳;海滩好,下水处宽阔,梯度平缓,适合游泳;海面色彩好,晴天可见七种颜色,由浅入深,由浅绿色至深蓝色,很有层次感;海域周边环境好,三面青山环绕,汇聚了青山、碧海、蓝天之美。

除却“五好”,我更喜欢这里自由闲适的氛围。海滩岸边郁郁葱葱的热带树木,或槟榔或椰树或棕榈,它们参天而立,张开叶子似凤凰展翅迎接着远道而来的客人;浅滩上人们踩着软软的沙子走走停停,海水中孩子们嬉闹玩耍,笑声随风洒落在四处;落日西斜,一切被夕阳余晖所笼罩,大自然早已化身一位艺术大师,绘出了一幅绚丽油画,那些蹦着的、跳着的人们也变成了画中剪影,诗意唯美。

海南岛一年四季青山碧水,生长着众多的奇花异草和原始热带植被。被誉为“天然大氧吧”的亚龙湾热带天堂森林公园,拥有中国南端较完整的热带雨林生态资源,有植物133科1500余种。树中之王高山榕高大挺拔,主干粗大,数人才能合抱,枝干伸展,展示着蓬勃的生命力;美丽梧桐,树如其名,是山中最美丽的景观树,在每年的5月份盛开,花美且奇,累累成串,令人赏心悦目;最另类的植物应是藤竹,竹叶嫩绿雅致,竹竿纤细柔美,如藤般交织缠绕、婉转屈曲……各种植物都在这里找到了它们自由生存繁衍的空间,无论在阳光下或者风雨中,它们总是伸出曼妙的枝丫不断向上生长,使这个绿色王国更显生机勃勃。

在位于三亚市区南边3公里处的海边小山上,有一座美丽的山顶公园——鹿回头公园,这里因一个美丽动人的传说而得名。相传古代有一青年猎手,头束红巾、手持弓箭,从五指山追赶一只坡鹿直至南海之滨的山巅上,前去无路。猎人正欲弯弓搭箭,坡鹿突然回头含情凝望,变成一位美丽的少女向他走来,后来两人相爱并结为恩爱夫妻。此山因此被称为“鹿回头”,成为青年男女海誓山盟的情山。

“人生莫负海南游,五指山高景物优。最爱凤凰临宝地,三亚难舍鹿回头。”爱国人士马万祺先生一首有感而发的抒情诗,描述了鹿回头公园在游客心中的地位。鹿回头公园以“情爱文化”为主题定位,素有“南海情山”的美誉,是情侣们海誓山盟、情定终生、祈求百年好合之地。鹿回头还是登高望海和鸟瞰城市景色的好去处。白天,放眼望去,山、河、城、海浑然一体,大海共长空一色;入夜,山上玉树琼花,山下的地标建筑凤凰岛灯光亮起,映照在海上,璀璨夺目。

在海南,除了欣赏秀美的自然风光,还能体验古朴的民族风情。海南省的居民包括汉、黎、苗、回、彝、侗、瑶等30多个民族,千百年来,当地多彩的民族风情使海岛文化更加绚丽多姿,其中最具有特色的便是黎族与苗族的生活习俗。距三亚市20多公里,位于陵水县的椰田古寨集自然人文景观与浓郁的民俗风情为一体,保留着当地黎族、苗族先民的历史印迹和文化记忆。这里天空湛蓝,椰子树高耸入云,既有黎族的金字屋、船形屋和寮房,又有苗族的吊脚楼。凉棚内有阿婆在织黎锦,粮仓边有阿公在编竹篓,还有世代相传的制银、扎染和刺绣等千年手工技艺展现着黎族、苗族的文化习俗。

吊脚木楼,层层叠叠;炊烟袅袅,围炉煮茶......古寨最原始美好的样子,让时光简单而又缓慢地流淌着,正如当地歌曲《奔格内》(黎语,意为“来这里”) 所唱的那样,勤劳勇敢、淳朴善良的村民正欢迎您的到来。

魏伟

CHARMING HAINAN ISLAND

Hainan Island has a tropical marine monsoon climate, with two seasons: dry and rainy. With no extreme heat in summer and no severe cold in winter, it has always been a tourist resort. Sanya on the southernmost tip of the island is known as the “Oriental Hawaii”because of its pleasant climate, long coastline and splendid coastal scenery.

Due to the uncanny workmanship of nature, a number of beautiful bays have been formed on the eastern coastline of Sanya City, among which, the Yalong Bay and the Haitang Bay are the highest-profile. Surrounded by mountains at the back, facing the South China Sea, the Yalong Bay is crescent-shaped. The warmhearted natives introduced us to“Five Advantages” of the Yalong Bay: first, the sand beach is nice, where the sand is clean and fine, and it is comfortable to step on; second, the seawater is fine, limpid and swimmable all year round; third, the beach is fine, where the shallow end slopes gently and is fit for swimming; fourth, the sea color is nice, which shows seven colors in sunny days, from light green to dark blue, appearing stratified; fifth, the sea area has a pretty setting, being surrounded by green mountains on three sides, and integrates the beauty of green mountains, blue sea and azure sky.

Hainan Island has lush mountains and lucid waters all year round, as well as numerous exotic flowers, rare herbs and pristine tropical vegetation. The Yalong Bay Tropical Paradise Forest Park, as a “Natural Oxygen Bar”, has complete ecological resources of the tropical rainforests in South China, including more than 1,500 species of plants in 133 families. All sorts of plants have found space for free survival and reproduction here, thereby, making the Green Kingdom more vibrant.

In Hainan, in addition to splendid natural scenery, you can experience primitive ethnic customs. The residents of Hainan include more than 30 ethnic groups, e.g. Han, Li, Miao, Hui, Yi, Dong and Yao. For thousands of years, the colorful ethnic customs of Hainan have added splendor to the island culture.

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