刻意练习与英语技能提高
2021-11-27何三建
何三建
(遵义师范学院,贵州 遵义 560002)
英语作为重要的交流工具其重要性越显突出。尽管资源丰盈,学习工具随处可见,给广大的学习群体的学习和提高提供了便利,但许多同学依旧只是 蜻蜓点水。看似他们的视野拓宽,但更多只是碎片化的东西,缺乏深度和精度。原因在于他们英语学习中不聚焦,乏深耕,导致他们的学艺不精,英语四会技能不突出。如何解决这个问题?如何提升他们的技能?让他们能自如遨游英语海洋,适应未来发展?刻意练习就是破解的关键。本文为此就两者关系说明和分析。
一、刻意练习
刻意练习是通过创建大量有效的心里表征来刺激我们的身心和大脑活动,发掘潜能的一种手段,从而让我们更为出色。美国著名心理学家安德斯埃里克森一生潜心研究各领域的高级人才,发现无论什么领域或行业,提高技能与能力的有效方法是遵循一系列普遍法则,他称之为刻意练习。选准技能的某些方面,精准施策,靶向发力,持续进攻,提质生效。
二、刻意练习与英语技能
刻意练习与英语技能的关系密切,若能优先配置,则能切实提效和增能,为持续精进和拓展奠基,为增添学习者的信心和推进创造条件。反观一些学习者看似勤奋、用功,练习做了不少,可收效甚微,成本高耗。其根源缺乏针对弱项猛攻强雷,练习分散化,徒劳无益。那么如何改变这种状况?如何对弱项技能实施精准打击?如何滴水穿石,突破薄弱环节?下面作者结合具体英语技能进行详述和剖析。
高考中短文改错是一篇100 词左右的学生习作式短文,短文中有10处错误,10 处错误的分布不再是每行一错,而是每句中最多有两处错误,这在一定程度上增加了该题型的难度。着重考查考生的语言基本功和正确使用英语进行表达的能力。它涉及词汇、语法、句型结构多方面的知识和行文逻辑的推断和综合辨析能力,是专门针对考生们平时学习英语尤其是写作练习中常见错误而设计的。
根据笔者观察和历年真题考试统计,错误类型集中在实词如名词、动词、形容词、代词及连词,增删类则多见于虚词如介词、冠词和连词。根据词法考点分布规律和错数特点,考生可以快速锁定错误范围,捕捉蛛丝马迹,识破潜伏错误,攻克此题型,拿下高分。一般情况是名词一个,动词至少2 个,有时候3 个,甚至4 个,取决于命题人喜好和侧重点比如1 谓,2 或3 非,即非谓语动词是重点因为分类广,考值高,代词则有人称代词,物主代词和反身代词多见,常考性数格,即阴阳不分,多寡混淆,双格颠倒等。修饰语指形副错用,配置不当,变成副名、形副搭配、系状相依。连词则考察行文逻辑关系,即并转选还是从属关系,涉及到从句的用法,综合性较强。虚词强调细微处,有固定搭配和泛特指等知识。
It was Tree Planting Day last Saturday.Our teacher,Mr.Li asked us plant trees on the nearby hill.We arrived here at 8 o’clock in the morning,each with at least a tool.Mr.Li showed us how to plant trees,but then we started digging,planting and watered.I was very excited because I have never planted trees before.Mr.Li set a good example to myself.”I must learn about him,”I said to myself.In the all,we planted over two hundreds trees.We looked happy at the rows of tiredness.
从此文中我们看出,动词出现三次错漏,1 是第二行plant 前添加to,第5 行改为现在分词watering 与前边平行并列,第6 行时态错误have应用过去完成时,第二行地点副词错误here改为远处,此时作者已不在那里,所以改为there,那里只能用第6 行人称代词宾格us 不是反身代词,第7 行名词复数使用错误,前边尽管有复数标识,但数字单位只能用单数形式hundred,最后一行副词happily 修饰动词looked,第4 行应用并列连词and,不是选择or。第7 行介词about 改为from 第8 行冠词去掉固定搭配in all
笔者所教大学英语教材《新一代大学英语》课后完形填空,是从所给的15 个单词中选出填在相应的空白处,使其语义、逻辑连贯、语法无误。该题型可从已知信息中推出适合的选项,并按语法要求,做出相应变化。如下
Banked cloze
Complete the passage with suitable words from the word bank.you may not use words more than once
Decide inspire enhanced considerate choice distinct
Individuality comfortable promote strange approachable accomplishment drab independence establishment
Fashion can help people express their personality and character.It is important to have 1)in the world of fashion because it makes people who they are.该句根据语法和语义判断只能填individuality Instead of trying hard to fit in the so called fashion do’s people should feel 2)comfortable and free to show their individualities in their3)choice of clothing.这两空同理可选择comfortable和choice 均可依据语法和意义推理This can arouse a sense of4)independence in them.To have individuality in fashion can also5)inspire women of all ages to find the unique style that works for them.In the meantime,showing personality through one’s choice of clothing can release a kind of aura to make them6)approachable in socializing.Everybody is born to standout with a(n)7)_distinct
feature about which should be 8_)enhanced
in their fashion styles.It would be a very dull,boring and 9)drab world if there were only one type of fashion style.As Ralph Waldo Emerson said,“To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest —10)accomplishment 如法炮制其它答案如上。
结语
通过以上分析和探讨,我们发现只要锁定主攻目标,找到对应的手段进行持续刻意练习,积累到一定程度必然会突破和引起质的飞跃。