盘点进行时态的几种用法
2021-11-19季明霞
季明霞
进行时,一般由“be+doing”构成,多表示进行的动作或存在的状态,是英语基本时态之一,其用法是高考英语试卷的一个重要考查点。对此,笔者就英语进行时态的用法进行了盘点,以期同学们能够准确把握。
一、强调动作的进行性
进行性,即说话的时刻正在进行或发生的动作,是进行时态最为基本的用法。比如:
① It was raining quietly and steadily and therewere little pools of water on the gravel drive . 雨一直静静地下着,沙砾车道上积起了一个小水洼。
②Listen!Children are singing an English song inthe classroom.听!孩子们正在教室里唱英文歌。
③He was making a little fire from twigs and bitsof log.他正在用小树枝和木块生一小堆火。
④A new railway is being built in my hometown.我的家乡正在建设一条新铁路。
⑤She is reading a handbook on gardening. 她正在阅读一本园艺手册。
⑥ The survey implies that the number of citydwellers is growing. 调查显示,城市居民的数量正在增长。
二、强调动作的将来性
进行时态除了表示正在进行的动作外,还可以用来表示近期内按照计划、安排、打算等即将发生的动作,主观性较强,常与 leave, go, come, start, begin, arrive, reach, return, stay, move, take, take off, set out 等位移动词连用。例如:
①I’ve won a ticket for next week to Beijing, I amtaking my mum.我赢了一张下周去北京的票,我要带我妈妈去。
②Would you please return to your seat? The planeis taking off soon. 请您回到您的座位上好吗?飞机马上要起飞了。
③The medical team is leaving tonight.医疗队今晚就要出发了。
④What time are we starting tomorrow? 我们明天什么时候动身?
⑤The train is arriving in five minutes. 火车将在五分钟以后到达。
⑥A storm is coming. Let’s get the wheat undercover quickly. 要变天啦,快把麦子收起来吧!
三、强调动作的习惯性
在英语中,當进行时与always, often, forever, constantly, continually, perpetually, all the time等频度副词连用时,往往表示频繁、反复出现的习惯性动作或行为,且常常带有赞扬、喜悦、惊讶、责备、反对、埋怨、厌烦等感情色彩。比如:
①The doctors are constantly perfecting their skills.医生们对医术总是精益求精。(赞扬)
②She is often thinking of how she could do more for the people.她经常想着怎样才能为人民多做些事情。(赞赏)
③Why are you forever forgetting people’s names?为什么你老是记不住别人的名字呢?(埋怨)
④ Some people are constantly complaining that they have too much work to do.有些人老是没完没了地抱怨他们干的工作太多了。(厌烦)
⑤If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must not be always smoking so much.如果你真希望自己身体健康,你不能总是吸那么多烟。(责备)
⑥ By perpetually asking for sympathy an end is put to real friendship.若没完没了地要求同情,一段真正的友谊会被画上句号。(反对)
四、强调语气的委婉性
在英语中,有时出于礼貌、客套,常需要使用含蓄、委婉的语气,而进行时态则是其表达法之一,它多与 want, hope, wonder, afraid等词连用,主要用来提出请求,表示一种愿望或态度等。譬如:
① Told you I was wanting out of the cattle business.我告诉过你我不想再和牛打交道了。
②I’m afraid I must be cooking now.我想现在得做饭了。
③ She’s hoping to go to university next year.她希望明年能上大学。
④ I was hoping that you could help me with this application form.我希望你能在这张申请表上帮帮我。
⑤ I'm wondering if you’d like to come to my office to discuss the new project.我想问问你能不能来我办公室讨论一下这个新项目。
⑥ Iwaswonderingwhetheryouhadanycomments about that?请问您对此有何见解?
总之,进行时用法灵活多样,除了可表示动作正在进行外,还具备表将来、表习惯、表委婉等特殊用法。在平时的英语学习中,同学们既要掌握时态的基本用法,又要留意其特殊用法,这样才能切实学好时态,正确运用时态。
(作者单位:江苏省盐城市第一中学)