免疫学检验感染性疾病甲肝乙肝的临床效果

许琰 马雪峰 孙辉

[关键词] 免疫学检验;感染性疾病;甲肝乙肝;阳性率

[中图分类号] R512.6          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）25-0130-03

Clinical effect of immunological test in infectious diseases of hepatitis A and hepatitis B

XU Yan1   MA Xuefeng2   SUN Hui1

1.Department of Laboratory Medicine，Affiliated Hospital of Heze Medical College，Heze   274000，China;2.Medical Laboratory Teaching and Research Section，Heze Medical College，Heze   274000，China

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the clinical effect of the immunological test on infectious diseases of hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Methods A total of 105 patients were diagnosed and treated from August 2018 to September 2020，all of whom were suffering from the infectious diseases of hepatitis A and hepatitis B.With the random method as the standard，53 patients were counted in group A，and immunological tests were performed，that is，HBV surface antibody （anti-HBs） and HBV e antigen （anti-HBeAg） were tested by enzyme immunoassay，and then HBV-DNA was quantitatively detected.In group B，52 patients were counted，and anti-human immunoglobulin M （HAV-IgM） was tested by the traditional method. The positive rates of hepatitis A，hepatitis B and the HBsAg，HBsAb，HBeAg，HBeAb and HBcAb of hepatitis B were compared. Results A total of 21 patients of hepatitis A were detected in group A （39.62%），and 7 patients were detected in group B （13.46%），and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=9.186，P<0.05）. A total of 27 patients of hepatitis B were detected in group A （50.94%），and 13 patients were detected in group B （25.00%），and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=7.491，P<0.05）.The positive rates of five items of hepatitis B in group A were higher than those in group B，and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion The immunological test for patients with hepatitis A and hepatitis B can effectively detect the diseases，and then guide the clinical treatment plan，with a high feasibility of testing.

[Key words] Immunological test; Infectious disease; Hepatitis A and hepatitis B; Positive rate

在經济推动下，环境污染等问题日益严重，导致感染类疾病的患病风险升高。甲型肝炎病毒（Heptaitis A Virus，HAV）与乙型肝炎病毒（HepatitisB virus，HBV）是极为常见的致病菌。前者呈球形，不含有包膜，直径约是27～31 nm，亚单位机构共32个，共包括20面，表现为对称性特征[1]。后者的环境抵抗性相对较强，在干燥或是热环境下仍可以存活，感染率较前者高。现阶段，乙肝已成为人类健康的重大威胁，且部分患者进展为慢性乙肝，导致不良预后。更有研究指出，甲肝乙肝是导致肝功能严重损伤，如肝硬化等疾病的主要原因，需要高度重视疾病的诊断与治疗工作。临床多通过抗免疫球蛋白M（Immunoglobulin M，IgM）抗体检验方式检验以上病毒，但是其误诊率较高[2]。免疫学是新兴的自然科学，其根据免疫学理论进行免疫学相关实验，可以检出病毒标志物，进而提高疾病检出率。本研究选取2018年8月至2020年9月期间于本院诊治的感染性疾病甲肝乙肝患者105例，用于分析免疫学检验的临床效用。