企鹅归巢游客中心

项目地点：澳大利亚维多利亚菲利浦岛

业主单位：菲利浦岛自然公园

设计单位：TERROIR

竣工日期：2019 年

总建筑面积：4 950 平方米

项目施工：KANE 建筑公司

景观设计：Tract 顾问公司

结构及土木工程：Stantec

项目经理：AECOM

照片摄影：John Gollings,Peter Bennetts

Project location:Phillip Island,Victoria,Australia

Client:Phillip Island Nature Parks

Architecture Design:TERROIR

Completion Year:2019

Gross Built Area:4 950 SQM

Construction:KANE Constructions

Landscape:Tract Consultants

Structural &Civil Engineer:Stantec

Project Manager:AECOM

Photographs:John Gollings,Peter Bennetts

一个多世纪以来，人们络绎不绝地在黄昏时分来到菲利普岛，观看小企鹅们走上岸边。人们能够在一个壮观而敏感的景观中亲近企鹅，使该地成为全球同类体验最重要的场所之一，而菲利普岛上的“企鹅归巢”在之后成了澳大利亚排位第一的野生动物景点——每日傍晚有4000名游客前来。

在二十世纪80年代，萨默兰住宅区内有177间住宅，研究表明企鹅会于1997年在“企鹅归巢”消失。为此，州政府通过致力于买下整块地产来确保小企鹅们的未来——环境保护上的世界首创。同时，菲利普岛自然公园成为企鹅护理与企鹅栖居地开发的杰出权威机构。新的“企鹅归巢”游客中心必须通过图解、实验与功能的背景，承载起游园与保护功能的愿景。

建筑位于沙丘、海岬以及湿地三处景观的交汇处，像一枚别针将这些景观连接起来，并以各自特定的方式汇集、回应彼此——以一种正式而实验性的方式。三处景观的力量通过建筑表面的均质锌贴面得到体现，贴面在增强抽象性的同时提供了一个常量，三处景观以此衬托自身。建筑围绕着三处景观进行空间组织并使景观可见，激发对三者的理解与体验。因此，除了颇受欢迎的黄昏观看企鹅体验，半岛的生态特征还通过其他方式来驱动体验与收入，增长的利润则贡献给研究与保护计划。选址不仅以一种正式的方式探讨着景观间的边界，同时提供了7公顷新的企鹅栖息地。这个决定——将客户定位为企鹅种群自身——在带领游客到达、穿过建筑与景观的过程中尽可能不影响到企鹅，并减少任何有害的种群重叠。

从城市到企鹅世界的旅途中，最重要的是建筑中一条80米的长脊，其组织着三处景观的最终交汇点，同时根据是否适合沿途各种功能与景观，在周围沿路安排布置建筑内容。长脊与功能空间之间，处于功能未定义的“第三空间”的层状边缘状态，由座椅、解释性元素与门槛组成，同时解决了高流量活动空间的物流压力，以及在自然栖息地亲密接触小企鹅的问题。新的“企鹅归巢”游客中心在半岛上创造出一种更加复杂的游客体验。随着企鹅种群的巩固，以及资助一项更加广泛的野生动物保护计划，这块曾经主要作为住宅的地区，如今转变成一处主要的野生动物保护区。而这也激发了潜能，扩展聚焦生态与环境旅游的游客体验。

People have been coming at twilight to watch Little Penguins come ashore on Phillip Island for almost a century. The ability to get close to the penguins in a spectacular but sensitive landscape,makes this one of the key places in the world for this experience and subsequently the Penguin Parade on Philip Island is the number one wildlife attraction in Australia -with up to 4000 visitors every evening.

In the 1980s,Summerland Estate consisted of 177 houses and research identified the penguins would disappear from the Penguin Parade by 1997.The state government secured the future of the little penguins by committing to buy back the entire estate–a world first in environmental conservation.At the same time,Philip Island Nature Parks has become a pre-eminent authority on care for penguins and development of penguin habitat. The new Penguin Parade Visitor Centre has to carry the ambitions of this tourism and conservation program across iconographic,experiential and functional contexts.

The building sits at the nexus between 3 landscapes:dunes,headland and wetland,linking these landscapes like a brooch that gathers these together and responds to each in specific ways–formally and experientially. The power of the three landscapes is acknowledged in the homogenous zinc cladding to the building that increases its abstraction while providing a constant against which the three landscapes are registered. This tough exterior is complemented by an equally robust interior consisting of exposed sustainably-sourced Victorian Ash timber structure and plywood panels that,as with the exterior,are selffinishing materials with integral colour and texture. Central to the journey from an urban world to the world of the penguins is the 80m long spine of the building which organises the ultimate junction of three landscapes and arranges program around and along it as appropriate for the various functions and landscapes intertwined in these moves. The centre features visitor facilities,including retail and hospitality spaces,a theatre,interpretation space,in addition to an education centre.

平面图 plan

剖面图 sections

Between the spine and functional spaces is a layered edge condition of unprogrammed and indeterminate“third spaces”of seats,interpretative elements and thresholds which simultaneously address the disjunction between the logistical pressures of a high-volume event space and the intimacy of encountering a small penguin in its natural habitat.

The new Penguin Parade Visitor Centre contributes to a more sophisticated visitor experience on the peninsula. An area once prime real estate has been transformed into a major wildlife sanctuary,with the growth of the penguin population underpinning and funding a broader wildlife conservation program. This in turn has led to the potential for expanded visitor experiences that focus on ecological and environmental tourism.