不同提取溶剂对柳兰化学成分的影响

韩阳阳 廖成松

摘要 通过比较分析不同溶剂提取液中柳兰化学成分的差异，筛选出柳兰入药的最佳提取溶剂。分别用蒸馏水、70%乙醇、100%乙醇、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和石油醚7种提取溶剂对柳兰全草粉末进行浸提，用液质联用QTof对提取液的化学成分进行鉴定和分析。结果表明，7种不同溶剂的柳兰提取液中化学成分共有57种，主要为脂肪酸、酚酸類、黄酮类及醇类4大类化合物，含量最高均为脂肪酸，有且只有一种共有化学成分棕榈酸。不同溶剂的提取液中化学成分的数量、种类及含量均明显不同，可见提取溶剂对植物提取物化学成分的影响较大。从柳兰已知的主要药理作用来看，正丁醇和石油醚适用于抗氧化作用提取溶剂，水和70%乙醇适用于抗炎抑菌作用提取剂，乙酸乙酯适用于镇痛和抗癌作用提取剂。综合药理作用、毒副作用及生产工艺成本，70%乙醇可成为柳兰提取的常用溶剂。

关键词 柳兰;提取溶剂;化成成分;差异比较

中图分类号 R 284  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）19-0151-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.19.040

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Different Extraction Solvents on the Chemical Composition of  Epilobium angustifolium  L.

HAN Yang-yang1，2，LIAO Cheng-song1，2

（1.Xilingol Bioengineering Research Institute， Xilinghot，Inner Mongolia 026000;2.Xilingol Vocational College， Xilinghot，Inner Mongolia 026000）

Abstract By comparing and analyzing the differences of chemical components in different solvent extracts， the best extraction solvent was selected. 7 extraction solvents （distilled water， 70% ethanol， 100% ethanol， acetonitrile， ethyl acetate， n-butanol and petroleum ether） were used to extract the whole grass powder of  Epilobium angustifolium ， and the chemical components of the extract were identified and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry QTOF. The results showed that there were 57 kinds of chemical components in the 7 different solvents， mainly including fatty acids， phenolic acids， flavonoids and alcohols. The highest content was fatty acids， and there was only one common chemical component palmitic acid. The quantity， species and content of the chemical components in the extracts of different solvents were obviously different. It could be seen that the extraction solvent had a great influence on the chemical components of plant extracts. According to the known main pharmacological effects of  Epilobium angustifolium ， n-butanol and petroleum ether were suitable for antioxidant extraction solvent， water and 70% ethanol were suitable for anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic extracts， and ethyl acetate was suitable for analgesic and anticancer extracts. Considering the pharmacological effects， side effects and production process cost， 70% ethanol could be a common solvent for  Epilobium angustifolium  extraction.

Key words  Epilobium angustifolium  L.;Extraction solvent;Chemical composition;Difference comparison

基金项目 锡林郭勒职业学院课题（ZD-2020-03）;内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目（NJZY19339）。