新高考英语概要写作教学实践
2021-09-10韩洋
韩洋
摘要:新高考背景下,高考新题型概要写作在高考中的表现并不理想,本文针对学生在写作中常见的问题,提出了一些相应的写作微策略。判断主要信息与次要信息;例如:概括整合、概括整合、同义替换。
关键词:策略;技巧;主要信息;次要信息;同义替换
一、题型解读:
概要写作通常为一篇350词以内的文章,考生按要求写出一篇60词左右的概要写作,一般来讲所提供的文章为议论文、说明文或者夹叙夹议的文体。旨在考察学生概括文本大意、获取关键词的能力,考生要用简洁的语言和有限的字数来准确地表达主要信息。
二、常见问题:
写作中学生常出现的问题主要集中在以下几个方面:1.审题不清,主次要信息分辨不清;2.照搬原文中的个别句子,复写原句;3.单一的表述,没有高级的表达句式和用词;4.因衔接过渡不自然或者不合理所导致的逻辑混乱;5一般性问题:字迹书写,大小写,语法错误以及单词拼写错误等。
三、应对策略:
1.审题非常重要,那么要审那些内容,则可以审题材,审主题,审人称,审时态,审要点。因此在这一过程中能够了解不同文体的文体特征和篇章结构就显得尤为重要,在分清主要信息和次要信息的同时,还要判断出句子与句子之间,要点与要点之间的逻辑关系。
2.对于杜绝抄袭原文的现象,就要在平时多练习同义词和同义句的替。
3.加强基本功训练。多背精美的篇章,练就多样化的高级语言表达。
4.多写多练,书写也是非常重要的颜值与门面。
四、写作技巧:
1.判断主要信息与次要信息
首先要学会寻找主题句。一般情况下,主题句出现在段首或者段末,有时也会出现在段中,大度系数较大时,会需要自己提炼。我们以下面这段材料来具体分析。For years, music classes have been the ugly ducklings of school curriculums——the last courses to be added, the first courses to be cut. When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, music is unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education preference. This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.其中,For years, music classes have been the ugly ducklings of school curriculums——the last courses to be added, the first courses to be cut. When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, music is unavoidably at the bottom of the list.為陈述现象,为文章的次要信息,然而usic is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education preference. This view is shortsighted.这一观点则为大众观点,In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.段末则为作者的观点,显然这才是文章的主要信息。
1.概括整合
以下三个句子都是对第一个要点的总结,要求学生通过对比分析,选出哪个表述最好。a. Music classes are always seen as the least valuable one in students’ study, but it is wrong exactly.
b. Music classes, actually with benefits and importance for students, have always failed to draw students’ attention.
c. Music education is actually significant though its importance is often ignored.
通过分析不难发现,c为最好的表述,因为主要的信息放在句子的主句,次要的信息放在从句中。
2.同义替换
一句多译的练习要经常训练,要经常进行词汇的同义反义或者派生的转述训练,或者使用单个单词来代替词组甚至整个句子的意思。而且替换词的地道与高级也彰显考生的实力。我们还是通过下面的例子来说明一下具体的操作。
Though music education is thought little of by schools and students, music education is actually of great benefit and importance.其中think little of 可以替换为 ignored、neglect、underestimate,然而of great importance 可以替换为 important、significant因此可以同义替换为Though it is ignored by schools and students, music education is actually significant.
3.增分句式
对于句式单一的情况,我们要提高句子的多样化表达,这就要用到增分句式,例如非谓语动词的表达,省略句,强调句型,定语从句或者反向表达来为你的文章增色。
Though music education is thought little of by schools and students, it is actually of great benefit and importance.可以用定语从句将主要信息和次要信息链接Music education, whose value is often ignored, is actually of great benefit to students.
概要写作任重而道远,要想把概要写作写得准确并简洁明了,需要我们从高一开始就要加强学生的个方面的训练,只有平时都练习到位了,在最后的高考中才能有机会考出好成绩。
参考文献:
[1]黄晓辉.浙江省高考英语概要写作题型研究[J]北京:中学外语教与学,2016(6)
[2]教育部.普通高中英语课程标准(实验)[M].人民教育出版社,2011
(义乌二中 浙江义乌 322000)