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重点句型要览

2021-08-24刘素庚

初中生学习指导·提升版 2021年7期
关键词:真题分母剖析

刘素庚

1. 【句型回顾】Have you ever been to the museum?  你去过博物馆吗?

【解析】have gone to , have been to, have been in 的区别:

have gone to :去了没回(单程)。例:

Tom has gone to New York, he hasn’t return yet. 汤姆已经去了纽约,还没回来。

have been to :去过(有一种往返的感觉在里面)。例:

I have been to America. 我曾经到过美国。(现在不在美国)

I have been to the flower market. I bought a lot of flower.

我去了趟花市。我买了许多花。(买到后回家了)

have been in:待了(一段时间)(持续性状态)。例:

The boys have been in London since mid-December.

从12月中旬男孩们就一直待在伦敦。(状态持续了很久)

You have been in the small town for a long time.你在小镇住了很久了。(持续性状态)

【中考真題】(2020·贵州·铜仁) —Maria, what do you think of Mount Fanjing?

— Very cool. I there once. I’d like to go there again.

A. has been                B. have been                C. have gone              D. has gone

【答案剖析】通过上下文可知Maria曾经去过Mount Fanjing这个地方。所以选B。

2. 【句型回顾】It also encourages governments and social groups to think about ways to improve toilets in the future. 它还鼓励政府和社会团体思考如何在未来改善厕所。

【解析】不定式作宾补的情况很多,不定式在以下这些动词后作宾补:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,like,order,prefer, permit,promise,request,tell,want,wish,warn 等。例:

We allow you to enter the movie theater with us. 我们允许你与我们一起进这个影院。

The teacher asked us to finish our homework.老师叫我们完成家庭作业。

She wanted you to sing for her friends.她想让你为她的朋友唱歌。

The headmaster told the boys not to play in the street.校长告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。

【中考真题】1) (2020·黑龙江·绥化)My teacher encouraged me English as much as possible.

A. to speak B. speak C. speaking

2)(2020·山东·青岛)Teachers expect all their students ________ progress day by day.

A. to make B. make C. to take D. take

【答案剖析】1)encourage sb. to do sth. 表示“鼓励某人做某事”。所以选A。

2)expect sb. to do sth.表示“期望某人做某事”,expect后跟不定式作宾补,make progress为固定搭配。所以选A。

3. 【句型回顾】On the one hand, more than three quarters of the population is Chinese, so you can simply speak Putonghua a lot of the time. 一方面,超过四分之三的人口是中国人,所以很多时候你是可以讲普通话的。

【解析】英语中分数的表达法:用“基数词+序数词”表示,其中基数词表示分子,序数词表示分母。分子是一时,除用one外,也可用a;如果分子大于一,分母要用复数形式。例:

one fourth  四分之一     two fifths 五分之二   three tenths 十分之三

但是,二分之一不能说a(one)second,而要说a(one)half。

四分之一和四分之三可以说a(one)fourth和three fourths,但常用a quarter和three quarters表示。

【中考真题】(2020·湖北·黄石) There are about eight hundred students in the school. of them are boys.

A. Three fifth B. Third fifth C. Third five D. Three fifths

【答案剖析】表示“五分之三”时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词表示,分子比一大,表示分母的序数词要用复数。所以选D。

4. 【句型回顾】The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神告诉我们,我们永远不应该放弃实现梦想的努力。

【解析】1)show sb. sth. =show sth. to sb. 意思是“展示给某人什么”。例:

Please show us the map of the city.

请给我们看看这个城市的地图。

2)give up doing sth. 意思是“放弃正在做的事”。其实全写应为give up (in) doing sth. 例:

I will never give up running because I hope I will be healthier.

我永远不会放弃跑步,因为我希望我更健康。

3)try to do意思是“努力去做某事”“尽力干……”,表示想尽一切办法要把事情辦成;

try doing意思是“尝试着干某事”“试着(用什么方法)去做某事”,表示一种试着、做做看的做法。试比较:

I’m trying to learn Japanese well. 我决心(尽力)学好日语。

I tried calling Tom, but nobody answered. 我试着给汤姆打电话,但没人接。

4)achieve/realize a/the dream = make a/the dream come true 意为“实现梦想”。

【中考真题】(2020·江苏·淮安)My brother often _________his spare time to help me with my spoken English.

A. puts up B. gives up C. opens up D. tidies up

【答案剖析】句意为“我哥哥经常放弃业余时间帮助我学习英语口语”。所以选B。

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