非限制性定语从句讲与练

彭荣华

首先請看选择性必修一教材Unit 1课本上的几个句子：例句1：...to Tu Youyou （co-winner）， whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin， ...;例句2：...Tu Youyou went to Hainan， where malaria was more common;例句3：...malaria patients most of whom recovered;例句4：This medicine， which was called artemisinin， soon became...。我们发现四个句子中有whose， where， whom， which引导定语从句，它们分别在句中作定语、状语、主语、主语成份。接下来我们就针对本单元的语法进行分析与归纳，便于更好地理解和掌握非限制性定语从句的用法。

一、弄清楚其基本概念。

1. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。如课本上的句子Later the medicine was tested on malaria patients most of whom recovered.句中的whom引导限制性定语从句，在句中作主语。其他例句1、例句2、例句4都是非限制性定语从句。

2. 限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰或限制作用。不可去掉，否则主句意思不完整或不明确。非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用。可以去掉，但主句意思仍然完整，用逗号与主句隔开。例如：

He has two sons who work in the same company. （Perhaps he has more than two sons.） 他有两个在同一家公司上班的儿子。（who引导限制性定语从句）

He has two sons， who work in the same company. （He has only two sons.） 他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。（who引导非限制性定语从句）

二、非限制性定语从句的引导词有关系代词who， which， whose， whom和关系副词when， where等。who在句中作主语，whom作宾语，which作主语或宾语，whose作定语，when， where作状语。

1. who引导非限制性定语从句时，关系代词who只用于代替人，在句中作主语或宾语。例如：

The book tells us about Alexander Fleming， who discovered penicillin. 这本书告诉我们关于亚历山大·弗莱明的情况，他发现了青霉素。（作主语）

2. which 引导非限制性定语从句

（1） 关系代词which代表句子的全部，在句中作主语。例如：

She studies very hard at school， which makes her parents happy. 她在学校很努力学习，这使她父母很高兴。

（2） 关系代词which代表一部分，在句中作表语。例如：

She is very patient to the child， which her husband seldom is. 她对孩子很耐心，她丈夫却很少。

（3） 关系代词which代表一个词，在句中作宾语。例如：

Paris， which they visited last week， is an old city. 上周他们参观了巴黎，那是一座古老的城市。

My house， which I bought last year， has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的房子有一个可爱的花园。

3. whose引导非限制性定语从句时，即“whose+n.”;也可用“the+n.+of+which / whom”来代替。例如：

George Orwell， whose real name was Eric Arthur， wrote many politics novels and essays. （作定语） 乔治·奥威尔，其真名为埃里克·亚瑟，写了很多政治小说和散文。

We shouldnt spend our money on so many people， most of whom are healthy. （most of whom作主语） 我们不应该在这么多健康的人群上花钱。

4. when， where引导非限制性定语从句时，在句中作状语。例如：

Things changed in 1933， when Hitler came to power in Germany. 事情在1933年发生了改变，那时希特勒在德国执政。

【跟踪训练】

I. 选用 which， who， whom， whose， when， where填空。

1. Jack will run 5 kilometers every day， ____ makes him look strong.

2. Nick， ____ father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School， studies very hard.

3. I can get along well with my classmates here， two of ____ are my best friends.

4. Our school is a wonderful place， ____ I can see many beautiful buildings and a large square.

5. Jack， ____ comes from Tanbu Junior High School， is very active.

6. My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s， ____ I was the western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas.

II. 单项选择。

1. The basketball star， ____ tried to make a comeback， attracted a lot of attention.

A. where       B. when                  C. which             D. who

2. John said hed been working in the office for an hour， ____ was true.

A. he                B. this              C. which             D. who

3. He made another wonderful discovery， ____ I think is of great importance to science.

A. which             B. when              C. who           D. that

4. The house， ____ windows face north， is our lab.

A. whose            B. which           C. who              D. whom

5. Jim passed the driving test，  ____ surprised everybody in the office.

A. which             B. that             C. this             D. it

III. 用非限制性定语从句完成句子，每空词数不限。

1. Yesterday I met Li Ping， ________ （他似乎） to be very busy.

2. Have you seen the film Titanic， ________ （该片男主角） is world famous？

3. I have lost my pen，  ________ （我非常喜欢） very much.

4. Football， ________ （它是） a very interesting game， is played all over the world.

5. He was very rude to the Customs officer， _________ （这使得情況） even worse.