句式多样性在初中英语写作中的运用

【摘要】初中英语写作要获取高分，不仅要有丰富的内容，句子的处理同样重要。很多学生就是因为句子结构不清楚或句式的单一而得不到高分。实际上，一篇好的写作范文都是以简单句为基础，配以适当的复合句;而简单句通常要添加一些附属成分，如介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词短语等。因而，在写作过程中可以适当增加句式的多样性，文章就会更丰富更有品位。本文谈谈笔者在训练学生写作时运用句式多样性的做法。

【关键词】句式多样性;初中英语写作;运用

【作者简介】陈致淋，福建省尤溪县清溪初级中学。

一、善用并列连词

并列连词，是指两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来，它们之间存在的一定的逻辑关系。首先，在教学中先让学生明白有哪些并列连詞：and ， but， or， so， both... and， not only... but also， either... or，neither... nor; 接着范例板书：I cooked lunch and made a cake. （表顺承）. I love the book but it is too expensive.（转折）. He got up late， so he missed the train.（因果） Be quiet or you'll be asked to go out.（条件） . In my winter holidays， I either skate or ski.（并列）. I like both swimming and running.（并列） Not only my brother and I are tired（并列）. 让学生观察并思考它们之间的逻辑关系并进行归纳总结。最后，用上面的六种并列连词进行单独的练习巩固：1. She made a wish. She blew out the candles. （用and ） 2. Tom received an invitation. He didn't accept it （用but ）. 3.He stayed up too late. He fell asleep（用so）. 4. Kate is fond of swimming. Maria is fond of swimming.（用both...and）.

二、善用从句

1.状语从句。它是用来修饰主句中动词、形容词或副词的句子。因此，在写作训练中，笔者主要对时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句和结果状语从句等进行分类别由简到难系统训练。首先，让学生分类别说出不同状语从句的连词，然后造句：

（1）时间状语从句：while，when ，since，before， after， until， as soon as .范例板书：Don't make noise when others are reading. I won't believe what he said until I know about it myself.

（2）让步状语从句：though， even if， whatever， whenever.范例板书：Though he felt sick， he still did his homework. I won't tell others even if I know it . He always helps the people in need no matter when he has time.

（3）条件状语从句：if， unless， as long as.范例板书：You will be successful as long as you work hard.  We will beat the illness unless we unite.

（4）原因状语从句：because ， since . 然后板书： Many lands became deserts because human beings have cut down too many trees.

（5）目的状语从句：so that， in order to. I study hard so that I can pass the exam.

（6）结果状语从句：so... that  such... that， I was so sorry that my tears can't help falling. 接下来通过汉译英的形式让学生独立完成以下题目：

（1）他扫完教室后，就离开了。

（2）尽管身体不好，他仍然继续完成这些任务。

（3）你将不会完成这项任务除非你早点开始。4. 我喜欢坐火车因为它便宜。

（4）最近她忙于复习功课以便通过考试。最后通过小组核对答案进行互助，老师进行点评疑难。

2.宾语从句。宾语从句，顾名思义，就是整个句子在复合句中做宾语。它的语序是连接词+主语+谓语+其他部分。连接词有that ， if ， whether， who， where， how， when等。在宾语从句写作教学中，首先教师把先呈现直接宾语从句，然后让学生将其改为间接宾语，最后引导学生归纳总结：

（1）“The flowers smell nice.”The visitor said.→The visitor said that the flowers smelt nice.

（2）Will you come back ？ He asks.→ He asks if I will come back.

（3）“ When did you come？” She asked me.→ She asked me when I came  .

（4）Where does Jane come from？ Can you tell me ？→Can you tell me where Jane comes from？ 在学生归纳完之后，教师进行补充。接着，教师马上呈现以下练习进行巩固：

（1）The students said， “The stamps are wonderful.”

（2）Does she go skiing？ Do you know？

（3）“Who will give the talk next Saturday？ ”My deskmate asks me.

（4）Mr. Li asked his son， “Where do you want to swim”.

因此在復习中，教师先呈现三个句子让学生用引导词which，that，who 进行填空：

（1）I know the girl has black hair.

（2）I like sports are safe for me.

（3）He is the one has given me lots of help.  然后小组讨论核对答案，并归纳，教师适当点评。最后，练习巩固将以下句子改为含有定语从句的句子：1. Something happened yesterday. Tom told it to his brother.  2. My son likes to make friends. They give me courage.  3. That is our plan for the winter holiday. My father and I made together.

三、善用短语

在英文写作中，可以利用不定式短语、介词短语、或形容词短语等来增加句子的句式，从而使句子表达更加多样化。

1.巧用不定式改写：My teacher always advises me . She asks me to go to bed early and get up early.  → My teacher always advises me to go to bed early and get up early.

2. 巧用介词短语：We can keep us healthy by washing hands， wearing masks and keeping away from crowded people.

3.巧用形容词短语：Our family reached Beijing after a twelve-hour trip. We were tired but happy.→Our family reached Beijing after a twelve-hour tripe， tired but happy.在学生观察归纳完之后，教师呈现下面的练习让学生独立完成汉译英：

（1）为了体验不同的生活，我在寒假做了一份兼职工作。（2）现在许多衣服在促销，漂亮但不贵。（3）众所周知，我在志愿者活动中扮演了重要的角色。（4）此外，我们不允许独自游泳，特别是在河里。核对答案后，小组内解决问题，组间帮助。最后教师点评全班不会的问题。

四、善用特殊句式

在英语写作中，我们常用到比较级、感叹句和it做形式主语或宾语等句式。

1.利用感叹句  She is an exciting girl.→How exciting the girl is ！

2.利用比较级  你越努力学习，你就越出色。The harder you work， the better you will be .

3.利用it做形式主语   We should exercise often. It is important. →It is important for us to exercise often.

4.利用it做形式宾语  I try my best to finish the task my teacher assigned yesterday.  I find it impossible at last.

→ I find it impossible to finish the task my teacher assigned yesterday.

为了让学生及时巩固课堂所学，加深理解和熟练运用，笔者在课堂上会根据学生水平层次，设置如下练习独立完成：

（1）他学得越来越努力。She studies harder and harder.

（2）我们进行户外活动的时间到了。It's time for us to have outdoor activities.

（3）这个问题太难了以致我们都解决不了。The question is too hard for us to solve.

（4）我发现自学很容易。I find it easy to learn by myself.

（5）在作业中你越细心，你犯错就越少。The more careful you are in doing your exercises， the fewer mistakes you will make.

（6）Tom is a cute boy. （改为感叹句）。 What a cute boy Tom is！

（7）You should act from now on. It's more important than anything else.（用it 做形式主语改写）。It's more important than anything else for you to act from now on.

参考文献：

[1]王玲燕.基于翻译写作学视角的英语句式多样性教学模式探讨[J].海外英语，2019（13）：34-35.