中国古代的冰激凌是什么样子的？

2021-07-29

时代英语·高二 2021年4期

Su Shan is a delicacy made with milk and cream that looks like shaved ice.

Poet Wang Lingran from the Tang Dynasty described how people made and enjoyed Su Shan in his poem Ode to Su He Shan. According to the poem， sugar was added to Su Shan that was shaped into many forms.

“It is neither solid， nor watery and disappears once it touches teeth，” the poet wrote.

The Su Shan in his poem was thought by many scholars to be an early form of ice cream. However， only the royals and nobles were lucky enough to have large iceboxes to create the delicacy in summer.

Although there were no fridges in ancient times， iceboxes to store ice cubes in summer had become very common in rich families by the Tang Dynasty.

People could easily buy iced drinks on the street during the Song Dynasty. As a community service， some rich people even provided free ice water and medicine on the street for free.

Ice water sold during the Song Dynasty was often added to mung beans or licorice to help prevent heat stroke.

During the Wei， Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties， dairy food appeared more frequently on ancient Chinese peoples tables.

People made three kinds of cheese. One was called tian lao， or sweet cheese， which tasted like cheese yet looked like yogurt. Another is gan lao， or dried cheese， similar to solid cheese eaten today. The last one is cu lao， a kind of half-sour， half-sweet cheese， like yogurt.

The climate in the Yellow River area in the Tang Dynasty was warmer and moister， very different from today. Many cherry trees were planted there at that time. The fruit was common in early summer and people often added cheese and cane syrup to the cherries.

Lu You， a noted poet from the Song Dynasty， once wrote， “Eat cherry， peach and cheese at the same time”.

Thus in the Song Dynasty， when ancient Chinese people sent cherries as gifts， cheese was often presented together.

When rich noble people had cherries with cheese and cane syrup， they often used plates and bowls made of gold or colored glaze to make the fruit look more mouthwatering.

酥山是一種用牛奶、奶油制成的看起来像刨冰的美食。

唐代诗人王泠然在《苏合山赋》中描述了人们如何制作和享用酥山。根据诗中所介绍的，人们在酥山中加入糖，并做出各种造型。

王泠然在文中写道，“非固非;触皓齿而便消”。

他笔下的酥山被很多学者认为是冰淇淋的早期形态。不过，只有王公贵族才有幸拥有大型冰窖来制作这一夏日美食。

尽管古代没有冰箱，但有钱人家夏天用冰窖来储存冰块在唐代已经很普遍了。

在宋代，人们很容易就能在街上吃到冰镇冷饮。一些有钱人家甚至在街头路边免费提供散暑药和冰水。

宋代市面上出售的冰水还经常加入绿豆或甘草来帮助人们祛暑降温。

魏晋南北朝时期，奶制品越来越多地出现在中国古人的餐桌上。

当时有三种酪制品。一种叫甜酪，味道是奶酪的口感，但形态上更近似酸奶。另一种是干酪，比较接近我们今天吃的固态奶酪。还有一种叫酢酪，又酸又甜，类似于酸奶。

唐代时黄河流域的气候更为温暖潮湿，与当今很不相同。许多樱桃树就是在那个时候被种下的。初夏樱桃大量结果，人们经常将奶酪、蔗糖和樱桃混拌在一起享用。

宋代著名诗人陆游曾这样写到：“蜡樱、桃子、酪同食。”

因而在宋代，古人在馈赠樱桃的时候，常常连同奶酪一并奉送。