中考阅读理解推理判断题实例解析

吴晓明

推理判断题是每年中考的必考题型之一，也是英语阅读理解中难度较大的题型。它要求考生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的推理与判断。推理与判断两者密不可分，推理是为了判断，判断依赖于推理。考生要运用逻辑能力推论出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义。因此，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理，从而理解文章的深层次含义。

推理判断题一般分为逻辑推理、观点态度、目的意图、文章出处四个命题方向。下面就这四个常见出题方式解析如下：

（一） 逻辑推理

常见所提问题：

1. What can we infer from the last sentence？

2. What do you think would happen （to… ） at the end of the story？

3. We can learn/ infer from the last paragraph that…

例题一

（2020·辽宁·沈阳）In fact， horses are their nearest relatives. Zebras are famous for their black and white stripes （条纹）.  Each zebra’s pattern （图案） of stripes is different. The patterns look similar， but they are unique like humans’fingerprints （指纹）. No two have the same pattern. How do zebras protect themselves from their enemies？ They can stay alive because they run fast to avoid lions and other enemies.

What can we infer （推断）from Paragraph （段落）Three？

A. Zebras are all from Asia.

B. Lions may catch the slow zebras.

C. Zebras are black or white.

D. Lions always live by themselves.

此题为逻辑推理题。根据“They can stay alive because they run fast to avoid lions and other  enemies.它们可以活下来，因为它们跑得很快，可以避开狮子和其他敌人。”可知，狮子可能会抓住跑得慢的斑马。故选B。

例题二

（2020·广西·桂林）We camped for five nights and it was freezing every night！ However，we had a really nice campsite.  I had a great time and would definitely be returning the next year！

We can possibly infer according to the passage that .

A. Leeds Festival usually lasts six days

B. people can enjoy delicious food silently in Leeds Festival

C. the writer was satisfied with the weather in  Leeds Festival

D. the writer enjoyed seeing Arctic Monkeys since he liked alternative  music

此題为逻辑推理题。根据“We camped for five nights and it was freezing every night！”可知，作者野营了5天，因此判断音乐节要持续6天。故选A。

（二）观点态度

常见所提问题：

1. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage？

2. From the passage we can conclude that…

3. Sb. believed that…

例题一

（2020·北京）But what it will not achieve is the warmth of human interaction and touch.  Patients often need someone to listen to—and care about—their journey story， which will never be realized through a human-less technology. Technology should be a tool，but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let’s not allow our humanity to be one of them.

The writer probably agrees that .

A. technology can deal with unexpected effects

B. telemedicine can take the place of usual health care

C. it is difficult for patients to adapt to the new technology age

D. techno-health care should take humanity into consideration

此题为观点态度题。根据“Technology should be a tool，but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects.  Let’s not allow our humanity to be one of them.” 可知，作者认为科技应该是一种工具，我们不允许人性也成为科技的一部分，因此判断作者会同意的观点是电子医疗应该考虑人性。故选D。

例题二

（2020·湖南·湘潭）Until recently， scientists believed that laughter was a human behaviour only. They argued that people find jokes funny because we can put ourselves in another person’s shoes， and that animals can’t do that. People don’t all have the same sense of humor.  Sometimes there isn’t any joke，or we may not have heard it but we laugh because the people around us are laughing. How long and how loud we would laugh are also shared.  We just go on following the example with one another until the laughter fades away （消失）.

Scientists believed that .

A. people have the same sense of humor

B. both human and animals can find jokes funny

C. sometimes some people laugh because people around them do so

此題为观点态度题。根据“People don’t all have the same sense of humor.” 可知，并不是所有人幽默感都一样，A错误;根据“They argued that people find jokes funny because we can put ourselves in another person’s shoes， and that animals can’t do that.” 可知，只有人能感受到笑话好笑，动物不能，B错误;根据“Sometimes there isn’t any joke，or we may not have heard it but we laugh because the people around us are laughing.” 可知，有时人们笑是因为身边的人在笑。故选C。

（三）目的意图

常见所提问题：

1. The purpose in writing this text is to…

2. The author writes this passage to…

3. The author in this passage intends to…

例题一

（2020·吉林·长春）Many people dream of going on a challenging travel. Most of them keep dreaming;others make it happen. …Anything worth doing requires time， energy and action. There is no exception. If you hold on to your dream， you can make it like Gregg and Brooks and have fun while you’re at it.

What’s the purpose of the writer in this passage？

A. To introduce a country in South America.

B. To help people learn to make a travel plan.

C. To encourage people to achieve their dreams.

D. To show the friendship between the two bicyclist.

此题为目的意图题。根据“Anything worth doing requires time， energy and action. There is no exception. If you hold on to your dream， you can make it like Gregg and Brooks and have fun while you’re at it.任何值得做的事情都需要时间、精力和行动，没有例外。 如果你坚持你的梦想，你可以像格雷格和布鲁克斯一样实现它，并在实现梦想的过程中享受乐趣。”可知，文章主要讲了两人进行骑车旅行，实现自己梦想的事情，告诉我们要坚持梦想。故答案为C。

例题二

（2020·浙江·金华）My dear boys and girls， good morning. Today I’m going to talk to you about my understanding of learning history.

The writer wrote the passage to .

A. introduce some important people in history

B. develop students’ interest in learning history

C. explain different people’s understanding of history

D. show the relationship between the past and the future

此题为目的意图题。根据 “Today I’m going to talk to you about my understanding of learning history.”可知，本文讲述了为什么要学习历史，以此来激发学生学习历史的兴趣。故选B。

（四）文章出处

常见所提问题：

1. The passage above may come from…

2. Where would this passage most probably appear？

3. We can probably find the passage in a…

例題一

（2020·辽宁·沈阳）Do you like to help others？ You can help others by using your interest and talent （才能）. Let the teenagers show you.

Name Alia

Age 13

Actions  Alia draws rainbows （彩虹） on rocks. Then she puts the rocks where people can find them. This makes people happy. She also sells the rocks and gives away the money to help people in need.

Where is the text probably taken from？

A. A tour guide.

B. A newspaper.

C. A magazine.

D. A science book.

本文主要讲述了3个青少年用自己的方法帮助有需要的人的故事，这篇文章最有可能来自杂志。故选C。

例题二

（2020·辽宁·铁岭）Look at this special handrail（扶手）. One part of it is a seat. It is helpful for old people. They can sit on it and rest when they’re climbing stairs. A company in Shenzhen designed this handrail.  What a good idea！

Wearing a mask（口罩）is not a big problem for people with hearing problems， wearing masks makes it hard for them to communicate with others. This new mask design is here to help. There is a “window” in it. People with hearing problems can read each other’s lips（嘴唇）and facial expressions.

We can probably find the passage in a .

A. Travel guide

B. Science magazine

C. History book

D. Geography book

此题为文章出处题。根据“Look at this special handrail扶手”“This new mask design 口罩”等，可知，是一些科学发明，所以应该出自科学杂志。故答案为B。

通过上面的例题和解析，相信同学们对推理判断题已经有了清晰的了解和认识。在处理推理判断题时，老师有三个小妙招要送给大家。

妙招一： 全面分析信息，切忌片面思考。

答题时要有全局观念，理清上下文的逻辑关系。有些推理判断题，虽然是针对文中的某项细节而设，但往往并不能直接从该细节中得出答案，需要结合细节前后的内容甚至细节所在的段落内容综合推断。因此，在解答这类题时，不要只是根据只言片语得出答案，而是要充分结合上下文。

妙招二：严格忠实原文，切忌凭空臆断。

根据题干中的关键词在原文中定位。某些推理判断题往往也针对文中的事实或细节而设置，因此也可以根据题干中的人物、地点、时间、陈述对象等关键词语在原文中定位，然后根据原文内容进行正确地推理和判断。

妙招三：不要选择表层信息，不要照抄原文选项。

答推理判断题时，不要试图在原文中直接寻找答案。推理判断题的答案， 是根据文中的细节或局部内容推理得出的，是文中细节内容隐含的深层次含义。因此，不可能在原文中直接找到对应的陈述。

答题有法，但无定法。只要同学们平时善于积累，灵活运用，推理判断题将不再是你们答阅读理解题中的障碍。