如何得到你想要的帮助

浙江 胡君祥

每个人都有无助的时候，如何有效地寻求他人的帮助呢？

题材人与社会体裁说明文文章词数 难度 建议用时338 ★★★ 6 分钟

There will come a time in everyone's life where they find that they may need a little more help. When I was 13 years old, I lived with a sick mother and was constantly moving from city to city. I had no family or friends to help me. How helpless I felt then. If you're struggling with something in any part of your life, by practicing the points below you can still find the help that you need and want.

“People need to know that you need help,”says Grant, a psychologist. “It's a huge barrier that people don't see. We are all self-centered and well aware of what is happening to us. We think our need for help is obvious, but people's attention is scattered （分散的）. We don't pay attention to the people around us and we're not sure what they can do to help. So no one will know you need help unless you ask for it.” Now you should know what to do first when you need help.

Make it clear who is supposed to help. At work, for example, avoid sending a blanket email asking for help. “If people see lots of others in the chain, they feel, ‘Well, it's not a direct ask of me. Why am I the one who should be helping?'” says Grant. “If you're serious about needing help, it's worth the time it takes to send individual emails.” So identify who you want to call when you send out a call for help.

In order to help, one needs to believe that he can. “No one wants to give bad help,” says Grant. “We don't want to give help when we don't feel qualified. One needs to believe his help will be effective, otherwise he will feel terrible if he tries to help but fails.” So when you need help, ask for help from people who are equipped to help in the way you need.

Language Study

Ⅰ.Difficult sentences

1. If you're serious about needing help, it's worth the time it takes to send individual emails.

译文：如果你真的想要得到帮助，花时间给每个人发邮件是值得的。

分析：本句中的两个it均指代to send individual emails。

2. So identify who you want to call when you send out a call for help.

译文：所以，当你拨出求助电话时，要确定你想打电话给谁。

分析：本句中的identify意为“确定”。

Ⅱ. Useful sentence pattern

Make it clear who is supposed to help.

译文：明确谁会帮忙。

分析：本句中的it是形式宾语，who is supposed to help是真正的宾语。 再如：

I have to make it clear that we have one key problem: technology. 我想说清一点，我们的关键问题是技术问题。

Reading Check

阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

写作导引

一、文本研读

概要写作的文本研读主要从归纳语篇大意和语篇结构分析两个方面入手。本文是说明文，主题语境是人与社会。 文章主要介绍了如何得到你想要的帮助。 其结构为总分：第一段提出“人总有需要帮助的时候”的话题，后面三段分别从不同的角度分析怎样获得帮助。

二、定位信息

根据上述分析，从每段中找出关键信息。

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三、信息整合

将以上各段的信息整合为一个句子。

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四、句子改写

可以采用替换、转换和信息概括等技巧来实现对原文要点的转述。

1. 替换：同义词替换、单词替换短语、短语替换句子等。 例如：

There will come a time in everyone's life where they find that they may need a little more help. →Sometimes people may need a little more help.

2. 转换：词性转换、句式转换、语态转换、主语转换等。 例如：

No one will know you need help unless you ask for it. →No one will know you need help if you don't ask for it.

五、润色成篇

1. 运用适当的连接词润色文章。

表转折：but、however、though、although等

表并列、递进：as well as、in addition to、not only...but also...、besides、what's more、furthermore等

表对比：meanwhile、on the one hand..., on the other hand...、on the contrary、by contrast等

表列举：firstly、secondly、finally等

表原因：becaus （of）、due to、on account of、for等

表 举 例：for example/instance、such as、and so on等

总结：therefore、consequently、in short、in conclusion、in a word等

2. 关注所写概要的词数，词数超过72词时就要删减一些细节；词数少于48词时，可添加一些细节。 例如：

There are times in life when we all need help, and if you're struggling with something in any part of your life, here are some tips to help you. →There are times in life when we all need help, and here are some tips to help you. （删减细节）

Finally, reach out to people who have the ability to help you in the way you need it. →Finally, when you need help, reach out to people who have the ability to help you in the way you need it. （增加细节）