A8高速公路公园，扎安镇，荷兰

2021-04-27建筑设计NL建筑师事务所

世界建筑 2021年4期

建筑设计：NL建筑师事务所

1-3 再利用后/After re-use

库格阿安德扎安是一个位于阿姆斯特丹附近的可爱小村庄。它位于扎安河岸边。在1970 年代初，这里修建了一条公路。这条A8 高速路为了跨越河流，以柱子支撑，它以一种迷人的方式穿越了整个城镇，也强行割裂了城市的肌理。具有讽刺意味的是，这种现代化的进步带来了宗教与国家之间的显著分歧：在架空高速路的一侧是教堂，而另一侧则曾坐落有市政厅。桥的柱高有7m，桥面之下的空间带有奇异的纪念性：如同一座狭长的教堂。

项目旨在尝试恢复城镇两侧之间的联络，并激活桥下空间。在被忽视了长达30 余年之后，终于，这个纪念物现状得到改善。

对积极干预的寻求取代了过去几十年中的负面印象。最终令人们产生了新的看法：高速路下令人印象深刻的空间并非是灾难，而是一种机遇。也许这里可能承载一种新的城市生活：从荒凉的停车场变为混合功能区，从荒地变为焦点，从“城市边缘”变为城市中心。

社区的愿望和建议收录在了一份名叫《A8 高速公路公园》的文件内。当地人不论是居民或零售商、也不论年幼或年老，提出了许多建议，成为了重建的起点。文件中包括了一家超市、一家花店、一家海鲜店，一座120 个车位的停车场，一条更好的与河相连的通道，一个公园，以及一个“涂鸦画廊”（这个想法源于如果能允许在某一区域涂鸦，禁止在其他地方涂鸦就会更容易）。靶场已经在匝道下建成。建设计划是在当地政府和民众的密切合作中制定的。

在桥下自西向东可以看到一些“情侣座”、碗型滑板场、“坡道景观”、儿童游乐场、霹雳舞舞台、桌式足球台、足球场、篮球场、停车场、交叉道、有顶广场和一旁的超市、“字母柱”、花店和海鲜店、袖珍的喷泉、另一条交叉道、一个具有雕塑感的公交车站、微型码头、“全景平台”，以及河流。高速路一旁是一个小公园，一些起伏的山丘强化了对绿植的体验，这些山丘边还开辟了一个“烧烤洞”和一个足球笼。

设计工程公司Carve 开发了这个精致的滑板运动场，它的特色是一个“米老鼠”形状的碗池。碗池是挖凿而成的球型，位于高速路下方。它以聚苯乙烯块搭建，由计算机控制的泡沫切割机切成片状，而后喷涂混凝土而成。这是一种相对较新的技术，在设计上具有不可思议的自由度。

超市采用定制的波纹钢板围合。波纹板是由Prince Cladding 公司设计，从上至下跨度超过6m。经过强化的折叠提供了额外的稳定性，并有助于遏制人们在上面涂鸦。

4 分析示意/Analysis diagram

5 功能分区/Functional partition

Koog aan de Zaan is a sweet little village near Amsterdam.It is located by the River Zaan.In the early seventies, a new Freeway was constructed.In order to cross the river Highway A8 was built on columns.The new road crosses town in a fascinating way.It produced a brutal cut in the urban tissue.Ironically, progress has resulted here in a radical separation between the Church and the State: on one side of the elevated highway is a Chapel and on the other the former City Hall.The columns are about seven metres high.The space under the deck is strangely monumental: a stretched cathedral.

The project is an attempt to restore the connection between both sides of the town and to activate the space under the road.After being treated for more than 30 years as a blind spot finally the momentum was there to change things for the better.

The passive attitude of the past decades was replaced with the quest for optimistic interventions.Finally, there seemed to be a new mindset: instead of a disaster, the remarkable space under the road was now considered an opportunity.Maybe a new type of urban life could be accommodated here:from the desolate parking lot to mixed-use area,from wasteland to focal point, from "down town periphery" to centre.

The wishes and suggestions of the community are laid down in a document called A8ernA.The locals – from residents to retailers and from young to old – came up with numerous proposals that were used as the starting point for the renewal among which a supermarket, a flower and a fish shop,parking spaces for 120 cars, a better connection to the river, a "park" and a so-called "graffiti gallery".(The idea was that by allowing graffiti in one area, it would be easier to ban it from another).A Shooting Range already nestled under the off-ramp.The plan was developed in close collaboration with the local government and the population.

Under the road from west to east you'll find"loveseats", a skate bowl, the so-called "ramp scape"and toy area, a break dance stage, table soccer, a soccer field, a basketball pitch, parking, a cross street, the covered square with the supermarket,"letter columns", the flower and fish shop, a light fountain, another cross street, a sculptural bus stop,a mini-marina, the "panorama deck" and the River.Next to the highway is a small park with some hills that intensify the experience of the greenery.Carved out from these are a "barbecue cave" and a soccer cage.

6 码头区/Marina area

教堂前广场冗余的绿色植物被移走了，因此变得更具吸引力和可用性。这里如今可以举办市集，如在女王节，这里就会变成一个热闹的聚会场所。在广场上，以浅色的砖块对最初的城市规划予以强调，并以一种电影《狗镇》式的方法表达过去这里的房屋结构。木制的平台表明了以前客厅的位置。

沿河两岸密集的建筑阻碍了人们与扎安河的互动。通过在桥下挖掘引入一个小型码头，河岸能够与主街相连。它还在“天花板”上投射出生动的倒影。码头向河流探出两个柱间距的距离。全景平台上能够看到河水美妙的景色。高架公路以一种出人意料的方式提供了机会，使村庄与它的存在之源重新联系起来。□

（庞凌波译）

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client: Gemeente Zaanstad

建筑师/Architects: Pieter Bannenberg, Walter van Dijk,Kamiel Klaasse (NL Architects)

项目主管/Project Leader: Sören Grünert

团队/Team: Erik Moederscheim, Sarah Möller, Annarita Papeschi, Michael Schoner, Wim Sjerps, Crystal Tang

艺术家/Artists: Arie van den Berg, Horst Rickels, Marc Ruygrok

滑板运动场设计/Skatepark Design: Carve, Amsterdam

功能/Programmes: 公共空间（教堂广场，有顶广场，码头，公园，儿童区）/ Public Space: (Church Square,Covered Square, Marina, Park, Kid's zone)

购物/Shopping: 超市/Supermarket (façade), 花和海鲜店/Flower/Fish Shop

面积/Size

公共空间/Public Space: 22,500 m²

购物区/Shopping: 1500 m²

预算/Budget: 2.1M EUR

状态/Status

初步设计/Preliminary Design: 2003.11

一期竣工/Completion 1st Phase: 2005.05

二期竣工/Completion 2nd Phase: 2006.09

摄影/Photos: Dennis Moet (fig.2), Jeroen Musch (fig.3,17),Luuk Kramer (fig.1,15,16), NL Architects (fig.6-8,10-13,18)

绘图/Drawings: NL Architects

7-8 滑板运动场和涂鸦墙/Skatepark and grafitti wall

Design and engineering company Carve developed the sophisticated skate park that features a "Mickey Mouse" shaped bowl.The pool is a kind of excavated blob that sits under the highway.It is build up from polystyrene blocks that are sliced by a computer-controlled foam cutter and sprayed over with concrete.This is a relatively new technology that allows incredible freedom in design.

The supermarket is clad in customised corrugated steel plates.The wavy panels were engineered with Prince Cladding and span from top to bottom in one stretch, over six metres.The intensified folding allows for extra stability.And it hopefully discourages the application of graffiti.

Redundant greenery was removed from the square in front of the Church that as such became much more attractive and usable.Markets and fairs can take place now and on Queens's day for instance it becomes a lively hangout.On the square,the original city plan is highlighted in a lighter brick and articulates in a Dogville kind of way the configuration of houses that used to be here.Wooden plateaus indicate the position of former living rooms.

The dense construction along the riverbanks prevents public interaction with the River Zaan.By introducing the mini harbour that is excavated from the land under the highway, the river connects to Main Street.It projects lively reflections onto the "ceiling".A jetty allows access to the first two columns in the stream.The Panorama Deck features wonderful views over the river.In an unexpected way, the elevated highway offers the opportunity to reconnect the village to the source of its existence.□