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苏藿香化学成分研究

2021-04-17贾瑞芳刘荷秀黄美玲李振麟钱士辉

中草药 2021年10期
关键词:分子式藿香石油醚

贾瑞芳,刘荷秀,黄美玲,李振麟,3*,钱士辉,3*

1.南京中医药大学附属省中西医结合医院,江苏 南京 210028

2.江苏省中医药研究院,江苏 南京 210028

3.江苏省农业种质资源保护与利用平台,江苏 南京 210014

藿香Agastache rugosa(Fisch.et Mey.) O.Ktze为唇形科藿香属多年生草本植物,又名苏藿香、排香草、合香、川藿香、山薄荷、大叶薄荷等,在我国除西北以外的大多数省区有栽培。苏藿香干燥地上部分入药,性微温、味辛,入脾、肺、胃经,具有芳香化湿、开胃止呕、解表祛暑之功效,可用于暑湿、胸闷腹胀、呕吐、头痛发热、泻痢等症[1]。现代研究表明苏藿香中主要含有挥发油、三萜类、黄酮类、甾体等多种化学成分[2-3],其中挥发油研究比较充分。苏藿香具有调节消化系统、调节血糖、抗肿瘤等药理作用[4-5]。为了深入研究藿香中非挥发性活性成分,本实验通过硅胶、Sephadex LH20、ODS等色谱分离技术和质谱、核磁共振等现代波谱技术,对苏藿香地上部分进行了系统的化学成分分离和结构鉴定,从75%乙醇提取物中分离得到了19个成分,包括8个黄酮及苷类成分刺槐素(acacetin,1)、芹菜素(apigenin,2)、香叶木素(diosmetin,3)、滨蓟黄素(cirsimartin,4)、acidoflavanone(5)、木犀草素(luteolin,6)、田蓟苷(tilianin,7)、藿香苷(agastachoside,8);1个木脂素乙基迷迭香酸(rosmarinic acid,9);6个三萜类成分熊果酸(ursolic acid,10)、山楂酸(maslinic acid,11)、乙酰熊果酸(acetyl ursolic acid,12)、2α,3α,23-trihydroxylurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oci acid(13)、2α,3αdihydroxyl-olean-12-en-28-oic acid(14)、2α,3α,23-trihydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid(15);2个甾体类豆甾醇(stigmasterol,16)、豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(stigmasterol glucoside,17)和2个脂肪酸类成分肉豆蔻酸(myristic acid,18)、棕榈酸(palmitic acid,19)。化合物3~6、9、12~17首次从藿香中分离得到,含硫黄酮acidoflavanone(5)目前仅在藿香和大戟科植物醋栗中有发现。

1 仪器与材料

Agilent 1100系列LC-MS D Trap质谱仪(美国安捷伦公司);ULTRA SHIELD 400 plus核磁共振波谱仪(德国布鲁克公司);APS10制备液相色谱仪(北京元宝山色谱科技有限公司);中压制备液相色谱系统(苏州利穗科技有限公司);Waters 2695高效液相色谱仪(美国Waters公司);AQ-C18(250 mm×10 mm,5 μm;250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm,Welch公司);柱色谱硅胶(60~100、100~200、200~300、300~400目,青岛海洋化工厂),薄层色谱硅胶(青岛海洋化工厂);HSGF254薄层色谱硅胶板(烟台江友硅胶开发有限公司);Sephadex LH-20凝胶(Pharmacia Biotech公司);试剂为分析纯和色谱纯。

苏藿香药材于2016年7月采购自江苏荆南山中药材科技有限公司,为当年采收药材,药材原植物由江苏省中医药研究院钱士辉研究员鉴定为唇形科藿香属植物苏藿香A.rugosa(Fisch.et Mey.) O.Ktze,凭证标本(JSTCMIBS-160717)存放于江苏省中医药研究院。

2 提取与分离

苏藿香干燥药材(12 kg)打粗粉后用10倍量75%乙醇回流提取3次,每次1.5 h,合并提取液,减压浓缩至无醇味后继续减压浓缩得浸膏。浸膏(710 g)采用60~100目硅胶柱色谱分离,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(2∶1)、醋酸乙酯、醋酸乙酯-乙醇(2∶1)、95%乙醇梯度洗脱,合并得到5个部分(A~E)。B部分经100~200目硅胶柱色谱分离,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(10∶1~3∶1)梯度洗脱,得到10个组分Fr.B1~B10。Fr.B4经过Sephadex LH-20柱色谱 [氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)]纯化,重结晶得化合物1(18 mg);Fr.B5经200~300目硅胶柱色谱分离,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(4∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脱,得到Fr.B5-1~B5-7,Fr.B5-3经过SephadexLH-20柱色谱 [石油醚-氯仿-甲醇(2∶2∶1)]纯化后重结晶得化合物2(17 mg)。C部分经100~200目硅胶柱色谱分离,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(30∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脱,得到Fr.C1~C10,Fr.C8经过Sephadex LH-20柱色谱[氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)]洗脱,得到Fr.C8-1~C8-8,Fr.C8-3经半制备高效液相色谱(70%甲醇)分离得到化合物6(10 mg)、7(3 mg)、8(9 mg);Fr.C1经过Sephadex LH-20柱色谱(氯仿-甲醇1∶1)纯化后重结晶得化合物16(25 mg);Fr.C3经200~300目硅胶柱色谱分离,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(2∶1、1∶1、1∶2)梯度洗脱,得到Fr.C3-1~C3-10,Fr.C3-5经过Sephadex LH-20柱色谱 [氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)]及高效液相色谱制备纯化(90%甲醇洗脱)得到化合物3(25 mg)。A部分经200~300目硅胶柱色谱分离,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(100∶1~10∶1)梯度洗脱,得到流分Fr.A1~A10,Fr.A2经过半制备液相色谱(85%甲醇洗脱)得到化合物18(12 mg)和19(15 mg);Fr.A4经过200~300目硅胶柱色谱分离,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(30∶1~4∶1)洗脱,得到Fr.A4-1~A4-5,Fr.A4-1经过Sephadex LH-20柱色谱 [氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)]得到化合物4(42 mg);Fr.A4-3经过Sephadex LH-20柱色谱 [氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)]纯化后重结晶得到化合物5(15 mg)。D部分经100~200目硅胶柱色谱分离,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(4∶1~1∶2)梯度洗脱,得到流分Fr.D1~D12,Fr.D1经过高相液相色谱(79%甲醇洗脱)制备,得到化合物10(22 mg)、11(16 mg);Fr.D3经过高相液相色谱(30%~60%甲醇梯度洗脱)制备,得到化合物12(16 mg)、13(12 mg);Fr.D10采用薄层硅胶柱色谱,石油醚-丙酮(4∶1、2∶1、1∶1)梯度洗脱,得到流分Fr.D10-1~D10-5,Fr.D10-4经过高效液相色谱(79%甲醇洗脱)制备得到化合物14(16 mg)和15(20 mg)。E部分经100~200目硅胶柱色谱,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(2∶1~1∶3)梯度洗脱,得到Fr.E1~E10,Fr.E8经Sephadex LH-20柱色谱(甲醇洗脱)纯化后重结晶得到9(15 mg)。F部分经C18中压色谱系统,25%~95%甲醇梯度洗脱,得到流分Fr.F1~F5。Fr.F2经高效液相色谱(60%甲醇洗脱)制备得到化合物17(25 mg)。

3 结构鉴定

化合物1:黄色粉末(甲醇),分子式C16H12O5,ESI-MSm/z: 283.1 [M-H]−。1H-NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 12.91 (1H,s,5-OH),10.81 (1H,s,7-OH),6.49 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-8),6.20 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6),7.10 (2H,d,J=8.9 Hz,H-3′,5′),8.01(2H,d,J=8.9 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.84(1H,s,H-3),3.85(3H,s,4′-OCH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:164.1 (C-2),103.4 (C-3),181.6 (C-4),157.2 (C-5),98.8 (C-6),163.2 (C-7),93.9 (C-8),161.3 (C-9),103.4(C-10),122.7 (C-1′),128.1 (C-2′,6′),114.4 (C-3′,5′),164.1 (C-4′),55.4(-OCH3)。以上数据与文献对照基本一致[6],故鉴定化合物1为刺槐素。

化合物2:淡黄色粉末(乙醇),分子式C15H10O5,ESI-MSm/z: 269.2 [M-H]−。1H-NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 12.9 (1H,s,5-OH),6.16 (1H,brs,H-6),6.45 (1H,brs,H-8),6.74 (1H,s,H-3),6.92 (2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-3′,5′),7.91 (2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-2′,6′);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 164.9 (C-2),102.7(C-3),181.5 (C-4),161.3 (C-5),98.9 (C-6),163.5(C-7),94.0 (C-8),157.3 (C-9),121.0 (C-1′),128.3(C-2′,6′),115.9 (C-3′,5′),161.2 (C-4′)。以上数据与文献对照基本一致[7],故鉴定化合物2为芹菜素。

化合物3:黄色粉末(乙醇),分子式C16H12O6,ESI-MSm/z: 299.2 [M-H]−。1H-NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 12.89 (1H,s,5-OH),7.51 (1H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-5′),7.41 (1H,s,H-2′),7.07 (1H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-5′),6.70 (1H,s,H-3),6.42 (1H,s,H-8),6.16 (1H,s,H-6),3.86 (3H,s,-OCH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 163.2 (C-2),103.3 (C-3),181.4 (C-4),161.4 (C-5),99.1 (C-6),165.3 (C-7),94.0 (C-8),157.3(C-9),103.4 (C-10),123.0 (C-1′),112.9 (C-2′),146.8(C-3′),151.0 (C-4′),112.1 (C-5′),118.5 (C-6′),55.7(OCH3)。以上波谱数据与文献对照一致[8],故鉴定化合物3为香叶木素。

化合物4:黄色粉末(甲醇),分子式C17H14O6,ESI-MSm/z: 313.3 [M-H]−。1H-NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 12.92 (1H,s,5-OH),10.35 (4′-OH),7.96 (2H,d,J=8.3 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.93 (2H,d,J=8.3 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.92 (1H,s,H-8),6.84 (1H,s,H-3),3.92(3H,s,-OCH3),3.73 (3H,s,-OCH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 163.9 (C-2),102.6 (C-3),182.0(C-4),152.5 (C-5),131.8 (C-6),158.5 (C-7),91.4(C-8),151.9 (C-9),105.0 (C-10),121.0 (C-1′),128.3(C-2′,6′),115.8 (C-3′,5′),161.1 (C-4′),56.3 (6-OCH3),59.9 (7-OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道一致[9],故鉴定化合物4为滨蓟黄素。

化合物5:黄色粉末(甲醇),分子式C16H14O9S,ESI-MSm/z: 383.0 [M+H]+。1H-NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 12.93 (1H,s,5-OH),12.76 (1H,s,7-OH),9.60 (1H,s,4′-OH),7.34 (2H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.81 (2H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-3′,5′),5.49 (1H,dd,J=3.0,12.3 Hz,H-2),3.27 (1H,dd,J=12.3,17.0 Hz,H-3a),2.77 (1H,dd,J=3.0,17.0 Hz,H-3b),3.59(3H,s,-OCH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:78.4 (C-2),42.0 (C-3),196.8 (C-4),157.7 (C-5),127.8(C-6),154.3 (C-7),100.7 (C-8),157.4 (C-9),111.4(C-10),128.7 (C-1′),128.2 (C-2′,6′),115.2 (C-3′,5′),157.2 (C-4′),60.0 (OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道一致[10],故鉴定化合物5为acidoflavanone。

化合物6:淡黄色粉末(乙醇),分子式C15H10O6,ESI-MSm/z: 287.1 [M+H]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 13.00 (1H,s,5-OH),7.42(1H,dd,J=8.4,1.8 Hz,H-6′),7.38 (1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-2′),6.84 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-5′),6.62 (1H,s,H-3),6.40 (1H,d,J=1.6 Hz,H-8),6.15 (1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-6);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:163.9 (C-2),102.9 (C-3),181.5 (C-4),157.3 (C-5),98.8 (C-6),164.0 (C-7),93.8 (C-8),161.5 (C-9),103.7(C-10),119.0 (C-1′),113.4 (C-2′),145.8 (C-3′),149.7(C-4′),116.0 (C-5′),121.5 (C-6′)。以上数据与文献报道一致[11],故鉴定化合物6为木犀草素。

化合物7:淡黄色粉末(乙醇),分子式C22H22O10,ESI-MSm/z: 445.3 [M-H]−。1H-NMR(300 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 12.90 (1H,s,5-OH),8.04(2H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-2′,6′),7.11 (2H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.92 (1H,s,H-3),6.84 (1H,s,H-8),6.45(1H,s,H-6),3.85 (3H,s,4′-OCH3);13C-NMR (75 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 163.0 (C-2),103.8 (C-3),182.0(C-4),157.0 (C-5),99.6 (C-6),163.8 (C-7),94.9(C-8),161.1 (C-9),105.4 (C-10),122.6 (C-1′),114.6(C-2′,6′),128.4 (C-3′,5′),162.4 (C-4′),99.9 (C-1″),73.1 (C-2″),76.4 (C-3″),69.6 (C-4″),77.2 (C-5″),60.6 (C-6″),55.6 (4′-OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道一致[12],故鉴定化合物7为田蓟苷。

化合物8:淡黄色粉末(乙醇),分子式C24H24O11,ESI-MSm/z: 489.1 [M+H]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 12.92 (1H,s,5-OH),8.06(2H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-2′,6′),7.14 (2H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.96 (1H,s,H-3),6.82 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-8),6.45 (1H,J=2.2 Hz,H-6),5.12 (1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-1″),3.86 (3H,s,4′-OCH3),2.00 (3H,s,COCH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 163.8(C-2),103.8 (C-3),182.0 (C-4),162.5 (C-5),99.6(C-6),162.7 (C-7),94.9 (C-8),156.9(C-9),105.5(C-10),122.6 (C-1′),128.4 (C-2′,6′),114.6 (C-3′,5′),161.1 (C-4′),99.9 (C-1″),73.0 (C-2″),76.4 (C-3″),69.8 (C-4″),73.9 (C-5″),63.4 (C-6″),55.6 (4′-OCH3),170.1 (CH3CO),20.5 (COCH3)。以上数据与文献报道一致[13],故鉴定化合物8为藿香苷。

化合物9:棕色粉末(甲醇),分子式C20H20O8,ESI-MSm/z: 389.1 [M+H]+。1H-NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 7.06 (1H,d,J=2.1 Hz,H-2′),6.77 (1H,d,J=8.1 Hz,H-5′),7.01 (1H,dd,J=2.1,8.1 Hz,H-6),7.48 (1H,d,J=15.8 Hz,H-7′),6.26 (1H,d,J=15.8 Hz,H-8′),6.65 (1H,d,J=2.1 Hz,H-2),6.64(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5),6.50 (1H,dd,J=2.1,8.0 Hz,H-6),5.07 (1H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-8),2.96 (2H,brd,J=6.8 Hz,H-7),4.08 (2H,q,J=7.1 Hz,OCH2CH3),1.13 (3H,t,J=7.1 Hz,OCH2CH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 126.6 (C-1),116.7 (C-2),144.9(C-3),144.1 (C-4),115.4 (C-5),120.1 (C-6),36.2(C-7),72.8 (C-8),169.4 (C-9),125.3 (C-1′),112.9(C-2′),145.6 (C-3′),148.7 (C-4′),115.7 (C-5′),121.7(C-6′),146.3 (C-7′),114.9 (C-8′),165.9 (C-9′),60.7(OCH2CH3),13.9 (OCH2CH3)。以上数据与文献报道一致[14],故鉴定化合物9为乙基迷迭香酸。

化合物10:白色针晶(氯仿),分子式C30H48O3:ESI-MSm/z: 455.1 [M-H]−。1H-NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 5.12 (1H,t,J=3.1 Hz,H-12),3.00 (1H,m,H-3),1.03 (3H,s,H-27),0.80 (3H,s,H-23),0.90(3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,H-29),0.89 (3H,s,H-26),0.81(3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,H-30),0.74 (3H,s,H-24),0.67(3H,s,H-25);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:38.1 (C-1),26.9 (C-2),76.7 (C-3),38.3 (C-4),54.7(C-5),17.9 (C-6),30.1 (C-7),39.0 (C-8),46.9 (C-9),36.4 (C-10),23.7 (C-11),124.4 (C-12),138.1 (C-13),41.5 (C-14),32.6 (C-15),22.7 (C-16),46.7 (C-17),52.3 (C-18),38.3 (C-19),38.4 (C-20),27.4 (C-21),36.2 (C-22),28.1 (C-23),16.8 (C-24),15.9 (C-25),15.1 (C-26),23.1 (C-27),178.1 (C-28),16.9 (C-29),20.9 (C-30)。以上数据与文献报道一致[15-16],故鉴定化合物10为熊果酸。

化合物11:白色针晶(氯仿),分子式C30H48O4,ESI-MSm/z: 507.3 [M+Cl]−。1H-NMR (400 MHz,CD3OD)δ: 5.23 (1H,dd,J=3.3,4.0 Hz,H-12),3.61(1H,m,H-2),2.90 (1H,d,J=9.5 Hz,H-3),1.14 (3H,s,H-23),0.99 (3H,s,H-27),0.98 (3H,s,H-24),0.92(3H,s,H-30),0.88 (3H,s,H-25),0.79 (3H,d,H-26),0.78 (3H,s,H-29);13C-NMR (100 MHz,CD3OD)δ:48.0 (C-1),69.4 (C-2),84.4 (C-3),40.5 (C-4),56.6(C-5),19.5 (C-6),33.8 (C-7),40.4 (C-8),49.0 (C-9),39.2 (C-10),24.5 (C-11),123.3 (C-12),145.3 (C-13),42.7 (C-14),28.7 (C-15),24.0 (C-16),47.9 (C-17),42.9 (C-18),47.2 (C-19),31.5 (C-20),34.9 (C-21),33.8 (C-22),29.3 (C-23),17.0 (C-24),17.4 (C-25),17.7 (C-26),26.4 (C-27),182.4 (C-28),33.5 (C-29),24.0 (C-30)。以上数据与文献报道一致[17],故鉴定化合物11为山楂酸。

化合物12:无色羽状结晶(氯仿),分子式C32H50O4,ESI-MSm/z: 497.2 [M-H]−。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCI3)δ: 5.23 (1H,brs,H-12),4.52 (1H,dd,J=6.2,9.6 Hz,H-3),2.18 (1H,d,J=11.2 Hz,H-18),2.04 (3H,s,COCH3),1.07 (3H,s,CH3-27),0.95 (3H,s,CH3-26),0.94 (3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,CH3-30),0.86 (3H,s,CH3-23),0.85 (3H,d,J=5.4 Hz,CH3-29),0.85 (3H,s,CH3-25),0.77 (3H,s,CH3-24);13C-NMR (100 MHz,CDCI3)δ: 38.4 (C-1),23.7 (C-2),81.1 (C-3),37.8 (C-4),55.4 (C-5),18.3(C-6),33.0 (C-7),39.6 (C-8),47.6 (C-9),37.0 (C-10),23.4 (C-11),125.9 (C-12),138.1 (C-13),42.0 (C-14),28.1 (C-15),24.2 (C-16),48.1 (C-17),52.7 (C-18),39.1 (C-19),39.0 (C-20),30.7 (C-21),36.8 (C-22),28.2 (C-23),17.1 (C-24),15.7 (C-25),16.8 (C-26),23.7 (C-27),183.3 (C-28),17.2 (C-29),21.3 (C-30),171.1 (CH3CO),21.4 (CH3CO)。以上数据与文献报道一致[18],故鉴定化合物12为乙酰熊果酸。

化合物13:无色羽状结晶(甲醇),分子式C30H46O5,ESI-MSm/z: 487.1 [M+H]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ: 5.27 (1H,t,J=3.6 Hz,H-12),4.68 (1H,d,J=1.7 Hz,H-30a),4.62 (1H,d,J=1.7 Hz,H-30b),3.89 (1H,m,H-2),3.60 (1H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-3),3.59 (1H,d,J=11.0 Hz,H-23a),3.54 (1H,d,J=11.0 Hz,H-23b),1.01 (3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,CH3-29),1.19 (3H,s,CH3-27),1.03 (3H,s,CH3-24),0.85 (3H,s,CH3-25),0.79 (3H,s,CH3-26);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD)δ: 42.3 (C-1),67.2 (C-2),78.7(C-3),42.5 (C-4),43.4 (C-5),18.3 (C-6),33.3 (C-7),40.8 (C-8),48.7 (C-9),39.1 (C-10),24.4 (C-11),127.0(C-12),139.5 (C-13),44.2 (C-14),29.1 (C-15),25.3(C-16),48.8 (C-17),56.5 (C-18),38.5 (C-19),154.5(C-20),33.7 (C-21),40.4 (C-22),71.3 (C-23),16.7(C-24),17.4 (C-25),17.6 (C-26),183.3 (C-28),17.8(C-29),105.2 (C-30)。以上数据与文献报道一致[19],故鉴定化合物13为2α,3α,23-trihydroxylurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oci acid。

化合物14:白色粉末(甲醇),分子式C30H48O4,ESI-MSm/z: 495.2 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (400 MHz,C5D5N)δ: 5.48 (1H,t,J=4.0 Hz,H-12),4.30 (1H,m,H-2),3.78 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-3),1.24,1.05,1.03,0.95,0.93,0.84 (各3H,s,6×CH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,C5D5N)δ: 43.0 (C-1),66.7 (C-2),79.4 (C-3),38.9 (C-4),48.6 (C-5),18.8 (C-6),33.7 (C-7),40.4(C-8),48.5 (C-9),38.8 (C-10),24.4 (C-11),122.9(C-12),145.4 (C-13),42.7 (C-14),29.1 (C-15),24.4(C-16),47.1 (C-17),42.4 (C-18),46.9 (C-19),31.4(C-20),34.7 (C-21),33.4 (C-22),28.8 (C-23),21.9(C-24),17.5 (C-25),18.0 (C-26),26.7 (C-27),180.8(C-28),33.7 (C-29),24.3 (C-30)。以上数据与文献报道一致[20],故鉴定化合物14为2α,3α-dihydroxylolean-12-en-28-oic acid。

化合物15:白色粉末(甲醇),分子式C30H48O5,ESI-MSm/z: 489.1 [M+H]+。1H-NMR (400 MHz,C5D5N)δ: 5.47 (1H,t,J=3.2 Hz,H-12),4.27 (1H,m,H-2),3.92 (1H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-3),0.98 (3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,29-CH3),0.94 (3H,d,J=8.4 Hz,30-CH3),1.16,1.07,1.01,0.88 (各3H,s,4×CH3);13C-NMR(100 MHz,C5D5N)δ: 43.2 (C-1),66.7 (C-2),79.3(C-3),40.6 (C-4),44.1 (C-5),18.8 (C-6),33.7 (C-7),42.5 (C-8),48.5 (C-9),38.8 (C-10),24.2 (C-11),126.0(C-12),139.8 (C-13),43.1 (C-14),29.1 (C-15),25.4(C-16),48.5 (C-17),54.0 (C-18),39.9 (C-19),39.9(C-20),31.6 (C-21),37.9 (C-22),71.7 (C-23),17.6(C-24),18.0 (C-25),18.2 (C-26),24.2 (C-27),180.4(C-28),18.3 (C-29),21.9 (C-30)。以上数据与文献报道一致[21],故鉴定化合物15为2α,3α,23-trihydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid。

化合物16:白色针晶(氯仿),分子式C29H48O,ESI-MSm/z: 413.1 [M+H]+。1H-NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 5.34 (1H,d,J=5.08 Hz,H-6),5.15 (1H,dd,J=8.5,15.1 Hz,H-22),5.01 (1H,dd,J=15.1,8.4 Hz,H-23),3.51 (1H,m,H-3),1.03 (3H,s,19-CH3),0.69 (3H,s,18-CH3),0.84 (3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,27-CH3),0.83 (3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,26-CH3),0.80 (3H,t,J=6.9 Hz,29-CH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 37.4 (C-1),29.0 (C-2),71.9 (C-3),42.5 (C-4),140.9(C-5),121.8 (C-6),32.0 (C-7),32.0 (C-8),50.3 (C-9),36.7 (C-10),21.3 (C-11),39.8 (C-12),42.4 (C-13),57.0 (C-14),24.5 (C-15),29.0 (C-16),56.1 (C-17),12.2 (C-18),19.5 (C-19),40.6 (C-20),21.3 (C-21),138.4 (C-22),129.4 (C-23),51.4 (C-24),31.8 (C-25),21.9 (C-26),19.1 (C-27),25.5 (C-28),12.4 (C-29)。以上数据与文献报道一致[22],故鉴定化合物16为豆甾醇。

化合物17:白色粉末(甲醇),分子式为C35H58O6。1H-NMR (400 MHz,C5D5N)δ: 5.38 (1H,br s,H-6),5.24 (1H,dd,J=8.6,15.1 Hz,H-22),5.09(1H,dd,J=7.0,15.1 Hz,H-23),5.08 (1H,d,J=6.1 Hz,H-1′),4.31 (1H,m,H-3),0.96 (3H,s,19-CH3),0.69 (3H,s,18-CH3),0.87~0.94 (12H,m,21,26,27,29-CH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,C5D5N)δ: 38.0 (C-1),30.7 (C-2),79.0 (C-3),39.9 (C-4),141.4 (C-5),122.3(C-6),32.6 (C-7),32.7 (C-8),50.8 (C-9),37.4 (C-10),21.9 (C-11),39.9 (C-12),43.0 (C-13),57.4 (C-14),25.0 (C-15),29.8 (C-16),56.6 (C-17),12.7 (C-18),19.9 (C-19),41.2 (C-20),21.8 (C-21),139.3 (C-22),130.0 (C-23),51.9 (C-24),32.7 (C-25),19.7 (C-26),21.8 (C-27),26.2 (C-28),13.0 (C-29),103.1 (C-1′),75.9 (C-2′),79.0 (C-3′),72.3 (C-4′),78.7 (C-5′),63.4(C-6′)。以上数据与文献报道一致[23],故鉴定化合物17为豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷。

化合物18:白色颗粒状固体(氯仿),分子式C14H28O2,ESI-MSm/z: 229.1 [M+H]+,251.1 [M+Na]+,263.0 [M+Cl]−。1H-NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.34 (2H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H-2),1.62 (2H,m,H-3),1.26~1.29 (20H,m,H-4~13),0.88 (3H,t,J=6.8 Hz,14-CH3)。根据氢谱和质谱数据可以推断18为肉豆蔻酸。

化合物19:白色无定形粉末(氯仿),分子式C16H32O2,ESI-MSm/z: 257.0 [M+H]+,255.1 [MH]−。1H-NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 2.38 (2H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-2),1.65 (2H,m,H-3),1.25~1.30 (22H,m,H-4~14),1.03 (2H,m,H-15),0.85 (3H,t,J=6.0 Hz,16-CH3)。根据氢谱和质谱数据可以推断化合物19为棕榈酸。

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