解答阅读推断题，三类信息须留意

陈霞

阅读理解中的推断题对不少考生来说是一个难点。笔者在研究近年高考英语全国卷真题时发现，留意以下三类信息，有助于解答阅读理解推断题。

一、中文解释

阅读中有中文标注的词通常是超纲词，从出题者角度看，如果不重要可以删除。既然没有删除且用中文标注，可见对于句意理解非常重要。因此，有中文解释的句子需特别注意。

（2019年全国Ⅰ卷B篇）Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves.

26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to ______.

A. help students see their own strengths

B. assess studentspublic speaking skills

C. prepare students for their future jobs

D. inspire studentslove for politics

解析：文中的中文解释很显眼，先读这一句：他想要孩子们学会夸耀自己。正好是题目所问：这个项目的目的。因此选A。

二、标点符号

主要是指用于解释说明的冒号或破折号。有冒号或破折号的句子很可能就是命题的题眼所在，需特别留意，准确理解。

（2018年全国Ⅰ卷B篇）Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning， but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.

24. What do we know about Susanna Reid？

A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.

B. She has started a new programme.

C. She dislikes working early in the morning.

D. She has had a light budget for her family.

解析：先看有破折號的前后部分：但她在她最近的角色里在烹饪上露一手——向家庭展示怎样在有限的预算下做出美味营养的食物。正好是考查的内容：她开始了新项目，故选B项。

三、表明逻辑关系的词

文中如果有表明逻辑关系的标志词，如besides， therefore， so， but， however， for example， such as等，也要特别注意，特别是表示因果、转折让步、递进、总分等关系的词。

（2020年全国Ⅰ卷B篇）There are three books I reread annually The first， ... is Emest Hemningways A Moveable Feast... Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm ... The third book is Julio Cortazars Save Twilight： Selected Poems， because poetry. And because Cortazar.

27. What can we infer about the author from the text？

A. He loves poetry.

B. Hes an editor.

C. Hes very ambitious.

D. He teaches reading.

解析：“他是编辑”“他有雄心壮志”“他教阅读”在文中均无信息支撑，而根据“The third book is Julio Cortázars Save Twilight： selected poems， because poetry”中的because poetry （因为是诗歌）可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。

责任编辑蒋小青