形容词、副词和连词在写作中的运用

2021-02-25四川

疯狂英语·新读写 2021年2期

四川付利

形容词和副词都具有修饰功能。形容词是描述人和事物的特征、性质、属性或者状态的一种开放性词类，主要修饰名词或者代词，在句中作定语、表语、补足语等成分；副词是指在句中表示行为或者状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者句子，表示时间、地点、方式、程度、逻辑等。这两类词在任何体裁的文章中都是必不可少的。连词则相当于人身体里的关节，它们的作用是让文章流畅、自然、有活力。

Step 1 真题回放

（2020·全国乙卷）There aremany respectablepeople around us. Mr Li is one of themost respectedteachers. With eyes filled with wisdom and the mild nature, he is agenuinescholar.

I couldn't follow the teachercompletelyin English classwhenI became a senior three student.One day, I was tooexhaustedto concentrate on what he was teaching.Unfortunately, I was invited to share my own ideas. I couldn't say one word. Much to my astonishment, Mr Li instructed and encouraged mepatiently. Sotouchedwas I that I decided to spare no effort to study hard.

NowI'mconfidentabout my English.I amreally gratefulto him for what he has done for me.

在本文中，作者很自然、恰当地使用形容词和副词，对老师的描述、对事情的陈述，以及自己的感情表达都很到位，让人印象深刻。

Step 2 语法唤醒

一、形容词

（一）形容词的语法功能

（续表）

（二）形容词的位置

1. 一般放在所修饰词之前

(2019·全国乙卷)In a nutshell, I'm theexactperson you need.

一句话，我就是你们需要的人。

2. 后置定语：放在所修饰词之后

I met someone quitetalkativeat the party.

在聚会上我遇到了一个十分健谈的人。

（三）形容词有比较级和最高级

1. I'mcloserto Jim than to Peter.

我跟Jim比跟Peter关系更亲近。

2. The film isthe most brilliantone I've ever seen.

这是我看过的最精彩的电影。

（四）-ed结尾的形容词和-ing结尾的形容词

-ed结尾的形容词意为“感到……”，而-ing结尾的形容词意为“令人……”。

1. Thank you for yourinvitingdishes. I feelinvitedto come again.

感谢你做的诱人的菜肴。我很想再来你家。

2. Hissatisfiedfacial expression suggested that the news must besatisfying.

他满意的表情暗示着这消息一定令人满意。

二、副词

副词在意义上和形式上具有自己的特征。在意义上，副词用以说明事件发生的时间、地点，行为的方式、程度，说话者的态度、观点。副词具有明显的修饰和强调功能。

（一）副词的分类

1. 时间副词，说明动作发生的时间，如：since、immediately、right now、in no time、tomorrow等。

2. 地点副词，说明动作发生的地点，如：outdoors、indoors、everywhere、upstairs、outside、out、here、there等。

3. 方式副词，说明动作发生的方式，如：wildly、kindly、patiently、hard、cautiously、slowly、suddenly等。

4. 程度副词，用来描述动作、行为或者状态程度的副词，如：hardly、enough、extremely、completely、almost、pretty、a lot等。

5. 频度副词，指一定时间内动作发生的频率，如：usually、often、sometimes、never、always、consecutively、frequently、constantly、now and then等。

6. 评论副词，对主句中陈述的观点进行评价的副词，如：luckily、exactly、naturally、thankfully、hopefully、honestly、narrowly、generally等。

7. 连接副词及副词短语，主要用来连接句子或者从句，如：

所以：consequently、therefore、hence、as a result

还有：besides、moreover、additionally

但是：however、though (句末)

否则：otherwise

然后：then

同时：meanwhile

（二）副词的语法功能

三、连词

常见的连词有：

并列连词：and、both...and...、not only...but also...、as well as、in addition、besides、apart from、for one thing...for another、what's more等。

转折关系：however、while、but、yet、still、instead、on the one hand...on the other hand等。

选择关系：or、or else、otherwise、either...or...、neither...nor...等。

因果关系：so、for、then、therefore、hence、as a result、as a result of等。

递进关系：more importantly、what's worse、worse still等。

从属连词：because、since、until、when、as、while等。

Step 3 单句过手

1. ( 2020·全国甲卷)我将永远从这次经历中受益。

I'll benefit from the experience____________.

2. (2018·全国丙卷)体育馆设施很棒，下课后吸引了众多的学生。

equipped, the stadium attracts a great many students after school.

3.(2017·全国乙卷)课堂上，你主要学习唐诗。唐诗体现了中国传统文化，而且深受中国人喜爱。

In the class, you will____________learn Tang poetry, which reflects traditional Chinese culture and is____________loved by Chinese.

4. (2017·全国甲卷)我真诚地希望您能腾出时间来参加这个艺术展。

I____________hope you can set aside some time for the art exhibition.

5. (2016·北京卷)所有的人都因为这些意外的礼物感到开心，尤其是孩子和老人。

All were very happy with those unexpected gifts,____________little kids and elderly people.

6. (2016·江苏卷)网上投票变得日益流行起来。

Online voting becomes____________popular.

7. (2015·北京卷)我们围着老手艺人专注地观看，然后我们开始自己尝试。老人在我们身边转来转去，耐心地帮助我们。

We stood around the craftsman and watched____________.____________

we started to give it a shot ourselves. The old man walked around and helped us .

8. (2016·天津卷)给我们留下深刻印象的不仅是你们的热情，还有你们的团队精神。

It's____________your enthusiasm____________your teamwork that impress us.

9. (2015·浙江卷)毫不犹豫地，我决定跟着他们，而且那天我们的确过得很有意思。

____________, I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.

10.(2015·江苏卷)更糟糕的是，有些司机、骑自行车的人和行人不认为遵守交通规则很重要。

____________, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.

11. ( 2019·全国乙卷)I'm confident that I'm qualified for the job.____________(首先), I have a good command of both English and Chinese.____________(其次), I have relevant experience and know the duty of a volunteer better.________(再者), I can explain Chinese paintings in detail and offer help to whoever is in need.________(总之), I'm the exact person you need.

12.(2018·全国乙卷）I do have some suggestions for you.________(第一), to show your politeness, you should arrive on time and never be late.________(另外), you'd better bring some gifts that don't have to be of great value.________(还有), it's chopsticks that we Chinese use when we eat,________(所以) you'd better practice using them in advance.________(最后但同样重要的), while chewing, you need to avoid making noise.