代词(二)
2021-01-21高洁
高洁
命题趋势
代词是代替名词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用可分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词等。其中,反身代词、物主代词、不定代词和疑问代词是中考的高频考点。比如:名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的区别,疑问代词含义区分,不定代词的正确选用,都是考查的重点。对于不同类型代词的相关知识的学习,既要全面又要有重点。
中考考查重点
1.人称代词;2.物主代词;3.反身代词;4.指示代词;
5.不定代词;6.疑问代词;7.相互代词。
考点解析
考向五:不定代词
不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词,表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。
1.不定代词的句法功能。
2.不定代词的基本语法
(1)some,any的用法
(2)few,a few,little,a little的用法
①这四个词或词组在句中都可作主语、宾语和定语。
Few of us have been to Beijing.我们中几乎没有人去过北京。(主语)
I know little about the book.我几乎不知道这本书的内容。(宾语)
There is a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。(定语)
He has a few friends.他有一些朋友。(定语)
②a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。
I'm a little hungry.我有点饿。(修饰形容词hungry)
Let him sleep a little.让他睡一会儿。(修饰动词sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please.玛丽,请走快一点儿。(修饰副词比较级)
(3)other,others,the other,the others,another的用法
(4)all,both,none,either,neither的用法
(5)复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,every,no与one,body,thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词,如something,everybody,anyone,nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代闻可相互换用。
【易错警示】
every day与everyday的区别
①every day是名词短语,在句中充当状语,修饰整个句子。
I finish my homework before 9 every day.我每天九点前完成作业。
②everyday是形容词,在句中充当定语,修饰名词。
Everyday work makes me bored.每天的工作让我很烦。
【例】—Where would you like to go tomorrow, Huangguoshu Waterfall or Dragon Palace?
—________ is OK for me. It's up to you.
A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. All
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——明天你想去哪里,黄果树瀑布还是龙宫?——这两个地方哪个都可以。这取决于你。考查不定代词。A. Either(两者中)任何一个;B. Neither两者都不;C. Both两者都;D. All(三者及以上)都。根据上文Huangguoshu Waterfall or Dragon Palace和It's up to you可知“这两个地方哪个都可以”。所以选A。
考向六:疑问代词
用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。它们一般位于句首。疑问代词包括who,whose,whom,what,which。
【易错警示】
which和what的用法辨析
用which提问,指在相当数目的人或物中进行选择,限制在一定的范围内;用what提问,不限制范围。
Which do you like, rice or meat?你喜欢什么,米饭还是肉?
What do you like?你喜欢什么?
【知识拓展】
what的常见用法
1.用于询问职业:What be+主语?或What do/does/did+主语+do?
What does your father do?=What is your father?你父親是干什么的?
2.用于询问天气或品行:What be+主语+like?
What's the weather like?天气怎么样?
3.用于询问外貌、长相:What do/does/did+主语+look like?
What does she look like?她长什么样?
4.征求对方的意见:What about...?
What about going out for a movie?出去看电影怎么样?
【例】—________ are you going to buy for your father for Father's Day?
—A T-shirt.
A. WhatB. WhenC. WhereD. How
【答案】A
【解析】分析句子结构可知,空处要填的疑问词作动词buy的宾语,选项中只有A项可以作宾语。故选A。
练习
1. Frank is a friend of ________. He is a scientist from Canada.
A. myB. IC. meD. mine
2. Sunny's uncle is a teacher. ________ enjoys staying with kids.
A. HeB. SheC. ItD. I
3. Their plants don't grow very well, but ________ look really good.
A. weB. ourC. oursD. ourselves
4. —Is this Mike's dictionary?
—No, it's mine. The thick one on the desk is ________.
A. hisB. yoursC. hersD. theirs
5. —Jeff, is this ________ notebook?
—No, it's not ________. Maybe it's Mary's.
A. your, myB. your, mineC. yours, me
6. Last month the students in Changjiang Road Primary School held the “Ten Years of Growth Ceremony”to celebrate ________ 10th birthday together.
A. theyB. theirC. themD. theirs
7. —Whose card is this?
—It is ________. My brother Tom gave it to me on my birthday.
A. myB. hersC. oursD. mine
8. —So sorry, I took your school T-shirt by mistake. But where is ________?
—Don't worry. Let me help you find it
A. yoursB. hisC. mine
參考答案
1-4 DACA5-8 BBDC