词形变换解题指导
2021-01-19高洁
高洁
出题方向
1.出题量最大,也是最难把握的方向——同词根不同词类之间的相互转换常考的相互转换词类有四种:名词、动词、形容词、副词
动词、形容词→名词
名词→动词、形容词
动词→形容词
形容词→动词
形容词→副词
副词→形容词
做这样的转换需要我们平时大量的积累,建立词根词缀的概念,多掌握常用的词缀,灵活变通。
2.最基本题型,必考方向——名词、代词、数词
名词考查方向:复数。
代词考查方向:①宾格;②形容词性、名词性物主代词转换;③反身代词可能出现。
数词考查方向:①基数词、序数词的拼写与互换;②分数可能出现。
3.简单题型,多练即可把握——比较级最高级
需要掌握:①比较级和最高级的变化方式;②比较级和最高级的辨识关键词。
4.较难题型,多次转换,反义理解
有时候词类之间需要越级变换,要仔细斟酌词类间的修饰关系,确保答案的正确性。较难题目不仅会越级变换,还需要添加反义,这需要更耐心细致地解题,分析题意。
解题技巧
1.形容词修饰名词、代词性成分,部分名词也可以修饰名词。
2.动词、形容词、副词需要副词修饰,副词也可以修饰整句话。
3.系动词后一般使用形容词,系动词后尤其需注意添加形容词,这点易和实义动词用副词修饰混淆。
4.扎实掌握名词、代词、数词的基本知识。
5.注做完需要通读一下,检查反义及动词的时态语态问题。
考点解析
考向一:可数名词单数变复数类
1.规则变化
(1)一般情况加-s,如:girls,books,pens,bags,boys,days,等等。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es,如:buses,boxes,watches,brushes,等等。
(3)以o结尾的名词,无生命的名词多加-s,有生命的名词多加-es。
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es,如:city→cities,story→stories,等等。
(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v加-es。如:leaf→leaves,knife→knives,
shelf→shelves,等等。(roof→roofs)
2.不規则变化的名词要熟记
child→children
deer→deer
man→men
woman→women
tooth→teeth
foot→feet
mouse→mice
Japanese→Japanese
Chinese→Chinese
people→people
sheep→sheep
考向二:名词变形容词类
1.在动词或名词后加后缀-ful,如:
forget→forgetful
thank→thankful
care→→careful
use→useful
help→helpful
beauty→beautiful
wonder→wonderful
meaning→meaningful
2.在名词后加-y,如:
cloud→cloudy
luck→lucky
wind→windy
noise→noisy
surhe»sunny
rain→rainy
health→healthy
snow→snowy
3.在名词后加-ly,如:
love→lovely
friend→friendly
week→weekly
day→daily
4.方位名词加-ern,如:
north→northern
east→eastern
west→western
south→southern
5.在名词后加-less,变成否定含义的形容词。如:
hope→hopeless
use→useless
care→careless
考向三:形容词加后缀变成名词
1.形容词加-ness变成名词,如:
ill→illness
happy→happiness
weak—weakness
careless→carelessness
kind→kindness
good→goodness
2.形容词加-ty变成名词,如:
safe→safety
certain→certainty
3.形容词加-th变成名词,如:
true→truth
warm→warmth
young→youth
4.形容词加-ence/ance变成名词,如:
dependent→dependence
different–difference
important→importance
考向四:形容词变副词类
形容词修饰名词、代词等作定语或表语,副词修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语。
1.一般形容词词尾加-ly变成副词,如:
slow→slowly
clear→clearly
quick→quickly
real→really
careful→carefully
hopeful→hopefully
quiet→quietly
sudden→suddenly
2.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,要变y为i加-ly,如:
easy→easily
happy→happily
heavy→heavily
lucky→luckily
busy→busily
angry→angrily
3.以元音字母加辅音字母+e结尾的重读开音节,直接加-ly,如:
safe→safely
polite→politely
wide→widely
4.以元音字母+e结尾,去e加-ly,如:
true→truly
5.以辅音字母加-le结尾,去e加-y,如:
terrible→terribly
possible→possibly
6.形容词与副词异形,如:good→well等。
7.形容词与副词同形,如:
fast→fast
early→early
high→high
hard→hard
注意:hard作形容词时意思是“困难的;硬的;生硬的”等,作副词时意思是“努
力地”。hardly是否定副词,意思是“几乎不”。
既是形容词又是副词的单词如下:
考向五:动词变名词类
1.动词加-er变成名词,如:
1.动词加-er变成名词,如:
farm→farmer
teach→teacher
work→worker
speak→speaker
sing→singer
play→player
read→reader
drive→driver
write→writer
ride→rider
dance→dancer
run→runner
win→winner
cook→cooker
wash→washer
2.動词加-or变成名词,如:
invent→inventor
visit→visitor
operate→operator
conduct→conductor
edit→editor
act→actor
3.动词加-tion变成名词,如:
invent→invention
iberate→liberation
operate→operation
考向六:基数词变序数词类
主要掌握好1~12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23这几个序数词的形式:
one→first
twenty→twentieth
two→second
thirty→thirtieth
forth→fortieth
three→third
four→fourth
fifty→fiftieth
five→fifih
sixty→sixtieth
six→sixth
seventy→seventieth
seven→seventh
eighty→eightieth
ninety→ninetieth
eight→eighth
twenty-one→twenty-first
nine-ninth
twenty-two→twenty-second
ten→tenth
eleven→eleventh
twenty-three→twenty-third
twelve→twelfth
考向七:形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级类
1.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成
(1)单音节词与部分双音节词规则变变化。
①一般词尾加er,est;如:fast,faster,fastest,等等。
②以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加-er,-est;如:easy,easier,easiest,等等。
③以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写这个辅音字母再加-er,-est:
如:hot hotter hottest,等等。
④以e结尾加-r,-st;如:fine→finer,nice→nicer,等等。
(2)部分雙音节词或以形容词加-ly变成的副词和多音节词,在其前加more,most变
成比较级和最高级。如:
interesting→more interesting, most interesting
beautiful→more beautiful, most beautiful
slowly→more slowly, most slowly
quickly→more quickly, most quickly
(3)不规则变化。
good→better→best
well→better→best
much→more→most
many→more→most
far→farther/further→farthest/furthest
little→less→least
ill→worse→worst
bad/badly→worse→worst
old→older/older→oldest/eldest
2.原级:as+形容词或副词的原形+as
“和……一样……”
“和……不一样……”
not as/so+形容词或副词的原形+as
考向八:人称代词变化类
要熟练掌握和运用主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词及名词性物主代词。
考向九:常见的反义词
1.动词
buy—sell
take—bring
remember—forget
die — live
love — hate
rise — fall
start—finish
miss—catch
ask — answer
pull—push
lend—borrow
go — come
2.形容词
short—tall / long
little—much
right—left / wrong
free—busy
full—empty
few—many
white — black
good — bad
careful — careless
dead — living
cheap—expensive
clean—dirty
same—different
easy—difficult
wet—dry
open— closed
strong —weak
light—heavy
练习
1. Would you mind making a little less ________? They are having a meeting atthe moment. (noisy)
2. The Smiths live on the________floor of the building. (nine)
3. All the great________are respected by the world. (invent)
4.Mypetisa________cat. She is very lovely. (male)
5. I'll do my homework more________next time. (care)
6. When you study a foreign language, it's important to make a good________.(begin)
7. Everyone knows such kind of books is________to children. They shouldn't besold at any bookstore. (harm)
8. In the past punishment was decided by the university. The student had no________but to accept it. (choose)
9. Our teacher told us the________story I had ever heard at yesterday's classmeeting. (sad)
10. The________Lesson is very difficult but very important. You must learn it byheart.(twelve)
11. They looked very________in the idea. (interest)
12. After they got on the bus, they found two________.(sit)
13. Help________to the fish, everyone. (you)
14. What we have had is just part of the truth. We should try to ge________information about it. (far)
15. A________sight stopped them from going forward. (frighten)