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词形变换解题指导

2021-01-19高洁

疯狂英语·初中版 2021年10期
关键词:词类辅音比较级

高洁

出题方向

1.出题量最大,也是最难把握的方向——同词根不同词类之间的相互转换常考的相互转换词类有四种:名词、动词、形容词、副词

动词、形容词→名词

名词→动词、形容词

动词→形容词

形容词→动词

形容词→副词

副词→形容词

做这样的转换需要我们平时大量的积累,建立词根词缀的概念,多掌握常用的词缀,灵活变通。

2.最基本题型,必考方向——名词、代词、数词

名词考查方向:复数。

代词考查方向:①宾格;②形容词性、名词性物主代词转换;③反身代词可能出现。

数词考查方向:①基数词、序数词的拼写与互换;②分数可能出现。

3.简单题型,多练即可把握——比较级最高级

需要掌握:①比较级和最高级的变化方式;②比较级和最高级的辨识关键词。

4.较难题型,多次转换,反义理解

有时候词类之间需要越级变换,要仔细斟酌词类间的修饰关系,确保答案的正确性。较难题目不仅会越级变换,还需要添加反义,这需要更耐心细致地解题,分析题意。

解题技巧

1.形容词修饰名词、代词性成分,部分名词也可以修饰名词。

2.动词、形容词、副词需要副词修饰,副词也可以修饰整句话。

3.系动词后一般使用形容词,系动词后尤其需注意添加形容词,这点易和实义动词用副词修饰混淆。

4.扎实掌握名词、代词、数词的基本知识。

5.注做完需要通读一下,检查反义及动词的时态语态问题。

考点解析

考向一:可数名词单数变复数类

1.规则变化

(1)一般情况加-s,如:girls,books,pens,bags,boys,days,等等。

(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es,如:buses,boxes,watches,brushes,等等。

(3)以o结尾的名词,无生命的名词多加-s,有生命的名词多加-es。

(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es,如:city→cities,story→stories,等等。

(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v加-es。如:leaf→leaves,knife→knives,

shelf→shelves,等等。(roof→roofs)

2.不規则变化的名词要熟记

child→children

deer→deer

man→men

woman→women

tooth→teeth

foot→feet

mouse→mice

Japanese→Japanese

Chinese→Chinese

people→people

sheep→sheep

考向二:名词变形容词类

1.在动词或名词后加后缀-ful,如:

forget→forgetful

thank→thankful

care→→careful

use→useful

help→helpful

beauty→beautiful

wonder→wonderful

meaning→meaningful

2.在名词后加-y,如:

cloud→cloudy

luck→lucky

wind→windy

noise→noisy

surhe»sunny

rain→rainy

health→healthy

snow→snowy

3.在名词后加-ly,如:

love→lovely

friend→friendly

week→weekly

day→daily

4.方位名词加-ern,如:

north→northern

east→eastern

west→western

south→southern

5.在名词后加-less,变成否定含义的形容词。如:

hope→hopeless

use→useless

care→careless

考向三:形容词加后缀变成名词

1.形容词加-ness变成名词,如:

ill→illness

happy→happiness

weak—weakness

careless→carelessness

kind→kindness

good→goodness

2.形容词加-ty变成名词,如:

safe→safety

certain→certainty

3.形容词加-th变成名词,如:

true→truth

warm→warmth

young→youth

4.形容词加-ence/ance变成名词,如:

dependent→dependence

different–difference

important→importance

考向四:形容词变副词类

形容词修饰名词、代词等作定语或表语,副词修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语。

1.一般形容词词尾加-ly变成副词,如:

slow→slowly

clear→clearly

quick→quickly

real→really

careful→carefully

hopeful→hopefully

quiet→quietly

sudden→suddenly

2.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,要变y为i加-ly,如:

easy→easily

happy→happily

heavy→heavily

lucky→luckily

busy→busily

angry→angrily

3.以元音字母加辅音字母+e结尾的重读开音节,直接加-ly,如:

safe→safely

polite→politely

wide→widely

4.以元音字母+e结尾,去e加-ly,如:

true→truly

5.以辅音字母加-le结尾,去e加-y,如:

terrible→terribly

possible→possibly

6.形容词与副词异形,如:good→well等。

7.形容词与副词同形,如:

fast→fast

early→early

high→high

hard→hard

注意:hard作形容词时意思是“困难的;硬的;生硬的”等,作副词时意思是“努

力地”。hardly是否定副词,意思是“几乎不”。

既是形容词又是副词的单词如下:

考向五:动词变名词类

1.动词加-er变成名词,如:

1.动词加-er变成名词,如:

farm→farmer

teach→teacher

work→worker

speak→speaker

sing→singer

play→player

read→reader

drive→driver

write→writer

ride→rider

dance→dancer

run→runner

win→winner

cook→cooker

wash→washer

2.動词加-or变成名词,如:

invent→inventor

visit→visitor

operate→operator

conduct→conductor

edit→editor

act→actor

3.动词加-tion变成名词,如:

invent→invention

iberate→liberation

operate→operation

考向六:基数词变序数词类

主要掌握好1~12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23这几个序数词的形式:

one→first

twenty→twentieth

two→second

thirty→thirtieth

forth→fortieth

three→third

four→fourth

fifty→fiftieth

five→fifih

sixty→sixtieth

six→sixth

seventy→seventieth

seven→seventh

eighty→eightieth

ninety→ninetieth

eight→eighth

twenty-one→twenty-first

nine-ninth

twenty-two→twenty-second

ten→tenth

eleven→eleventh

twenty-three→twenty-third

twelve→twelfth

考向七:形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级类

1.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成

(1)单音节词与部分双音节词规则变变化。

①一般词尾加er,est;如:fast,faster,fastest,等等。

②以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加-er,-est;如:easy,easier,easiest,等等。

③以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写这个辅音字母再加-er,-est:

如:hot hotter hottest,等等。

④以e结尾加-r,-st;如:fine→finer,nice→nicer,等等。

(2)部分雙音节词或以形容词加-ly变成的副词和多音节词,在其前加more,most变

成比较级和最高级。如:

interesting→more interesting, most interesting

beautiful→more beautiful, most beautiful

slowly→more slowly, most slowly

quickly→more quickly, most quickly

(3)不规则变化。

good→better→best

well→better→best

much→more→most

many→more→most

far→farther/further→farthest/furthest

little→less→least

ill→worse→worst

bad/badly→worse→worst

old→older/older→oldest/eldest

2.原级:as+形容词或副词的原形+as

“和……一样……”

“和……不一样……”

not as/so+形容词或副词的原形+as

考向八:人称代词变化类

要熟练掌握和运用主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词及名词性物主代词。

考向九:常见的反义词

1.动词

buy—sell

take—bring

remember—forget

die — live

love — hate

rise — fall

start—finish

miss—catch

ask — answer

pull—push

lend—borrow

go — come

2.形容词

short—tall / long

little—much

right—left / wrong

free—busy

full—empty

few—many

white — black

good — bad

careful — careless

dead — living

cheap—expensive

clean—dirty

same—different

easy—difficult

wet—dry

open— closed

strong —weak

light—heavy

练习

1. Would you mind making a little less ________? They are having a meeting atthe moment. (noisy)

2. The Smiths live on the________floor of the building. (nine)

3. All the great________are respected by the world. (invent)

4.Mypetisa________cat. She is very lovely. (male)

5. I'll do my homework more________next time. (care)

6. When you study a foreign language, it's important to make a good________.(begin)

7. Everyone knows such kind of books is________to children. They shouldn't besold at any bookstore. (harm)

8. In the past punishment was decided by the university. The student had no________but to accept it. (choose)

9. Our teacher told us the________story I had ever heard at yesterday's classmeeting. (sad)

10. The________Lesson is very difficult but very important. You must learn it byheart.(twelve)

11. They looked very________in the idea. (interest)

12. After they got on the bus, they found two________.(sit)

13. Help________to the fish, everyone. (you)

14. What we have had is just part of the truth. We should try to ge________information about it. (far)

15. A________sight stopped them from going forward. (frighten)

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