例谈引导状语从句的连接词
2021-01-13张崇文
张崇文
状语从句是高考英语必考语法点之一。状语从句的种类比较多,而且引导状语从句的连接词也比较多。一般常见的连接词的用法学生能够较好的掌握,本文从以下几个方面探究了引导状语从句的一些特殊连接词和意义不同的连接词的用法,以期能帮助学生全面掌握状语从句。
一、特殊连接词
1.引导原因状语从句的特殊连接词
seeing that意为“既然,因为”;in that意为“因为,原因是”;considering(that)意为“鉴于,考虑到”等,均可引导原因状语从句。
典例:Many animal habitats have been destroyed by human beings ________ (in that/so that)human beings need these places to grow food and build houses.
解析:in that。根据句意可知,空格处应填表原因的连接词引导原因状语从句,in that 意为“因为”,可做连接词,故本空填in that。
2.引导时间状语从句的特殊连接词
the minute,the moment, no sooner…than,the instant, scarcely(when) …when, instantly等都可引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”。
典例:Jenny had hardly went into the factory _________(when/than) her mother phone her to let her buy gifts for her father.
解析:when。本题考查特殊连接词hardly…when的用法。
3.引导条件状语从句的特殊连接词
only if意為“只要”;suppose (that),supposing (that)意为“假如”;if only 意为“只要,但愿”;providing(that),provided(that)意为“如果,只要”等,均可引导条件状语从句。
典例:Inflation can be effectively controlled, _________(provided that/as if) the government adopts comprehensive management measures.
解析:provided that。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填引导条件状语从句的连接词,provided that意为“如果”符合句意。
二、意义不同的连接词
1.引导时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句的when
when在引导时间状语从句时,意为“当……时候”;when在引导条件状语从句时,意为“如果”,相当于if或in case;when在引导原因状语从句时,意为“既然,鉴于”,相当于considering that或者since。
典例:How can he expect to be admitted to one of the 985 universities________(when/even if)he is unwilling to study hard?
解析:when。even if 意为“即使,尽管”引导让步状语从句,when可引导原因状语从句,意为“既然”。根据句意可知填when。
典例:Will you obey your parents _______(when/unless) your parents let you do what you don't want to do?
解析:when。分析句意可知本句是条件状语从句,空格处应填when,相当于if,意为“如果”。
2.引导时间状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句的while
while在引导时间状语从句时,意为“当……时候”,仅和延续性动词一块使用;while在引导让步状语从句时,意为“虽然,尽管”,相当于although,此时while一般放于句首;while引导条件状语从句时,意为“如果,只要”,相当于as long as。
典例:__________(While/Once) I felt I could go to college, I didn't think I could go to such a good university.
解析:While。根据句意可知,本空填While,意为“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。
典例:Our motherland will become stronger_________(while/even if) each of us works hard.
解析:while。本句应填入while引导条件状语从句,相当于 as long as,意为“只要”。
总之,在选择连接词的时候,除了要考虑到一般常用的连接词,还应考虑到特殊连接词和表示不同意义的连接词,唯有如此才能少出错或不出错。
(作者单位:云南省昆明市东川区第一中学)