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主题语境十八:自然

2020-12-29蒋建平

疯狂英语·爱英语 2020年12期
关键词:类动物基本知识物种

蒋建平

在人类活动中,热爱大自然、探索自然界的奥秘、保护大自然等都是我们永恒的主题,而学会了珍爱自然,也就学会了珍爱我们人类自己。“自然”主题包括人与自然的和谐相处、人在自然界的生存、动植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害以及环境污染和保护等方面。

“自然”主题的写作通常有小说、科普文章、说明文、议论文和应用文等写作形式,常用时态包括现在时、过去时与将来时等。写作中常用被动语态和虚拟语气。

关于“自然”主题的写作常有以下几个命题角度:

1. 介绍某地特殊自然现象;

2. 人与自然和谐相处话题;

3. 介绍飓风的基本知识;

4. 介绍台风的基本知识;

5. 描述某一濒危动物的现状及呼吁人们关注;

6. 全球变暖问题;

7. 介绍某次大地震的破坏、影响等;

8. 介绍某次水灾的破坏、影响等。

语境串记

When you think of a cute, furry wild animal, you often picture a koala. These adorable creatures appear docile and friendly, so its no wonder people are concerned about the future of the species after the devastating bushfires that destroyed parts of Australia earlier this year. 1.           (lucky), many

survived, which gives us a chance to continue to learn more about these marsupials.

Australias native and unique wildlife such as kangaroos, platypus and koalas, are 2.                      constant threat from human activity and natural disasters. Its thought at least a billion animals lost their lives as a result of this years bushfires. Recently, drones and thermal imaging technology

3.          (use) to track their movements to help them keep safe. Protecting these unique species is important because it is estimated that there are now possibly as few as 43,000 koalas in the wild.

So, what is so special about koalas and what makes them so “cool”? Maybe we envy their ability 4.          (sleep) for up to 22 hours a day! Or it could be their laid?back appearance due to the fact 5.          they are herbivores and mainly feed on juicy eucalyptus leaves, which take a lot of time and energy to digest.

What is amazing is that they often live in a dry and hot environment, and drink very little water. So, how do they survive? Well, scientists have discovered that these wild mammals lick 6.          (run) water off the smooth surface of a tree trunk when it is raining. This phenomenon is called “stemflow”. Behavioural 7.          (observation) in the wild are very important to establish what is normal and what is unusual, and to 8.          (true) understand what animals need. If we watch them carefully, they will tell us.

So, 9.          the word “koala” meaning “no drink” or “no water” in the Aboriginal language, it seems that even these 10.          (sleep) creatures do need a drink sometimes. And if were to encourage them to flourish, we need to conserve their habitat.

萌酷的树袋熊

当你想到一只可爱的、毛茸茸的野生动物时,你常常会想到一只树袋熊。这些可爱的动物看起来温顺、友好,因此今年早些时候,毁灭性森林大火摧毁了澳大利亚部分地区后,人们会担心这个物种的未来。幸运的是,许多有袋类动物幸存了下来,这给了我们一个继续了解这些有袋类动物的机会。

澳大利亚本土独特的野生动物,如袋鼠、鸭嘴兽和树袋熊,不断受到人类活动和自然灾害的威胁。据估计,在今年的森林大火中,至少有10亿只动物丧生。最近,无人机和热成像技术被用来跟踪它们的行动,以帮助它们保持安全。保护这些独特的物种非常重要,因为据估计,现在野生的树袋熊可能只有43,000只。

那么,树袋熊有什么特别之处,又是什么让它们如此“酷”呢?也许是我们羡慕它们每天能睡22个小时!也可能是因为它们是食草动物,主要以多汁的桉树树叶为食,而这些叶子需要大量的时间和精力才能被消化,由此造就了它们慵懒的外表。

令人惊奇的是,它们经常生活在干燥、炎热的环境中,且很少喝水。那么,它们如何生存?好吧,科学家发现这些野生哺乳动物在下雨时会舔树干光滑表面的流水。这种现象被称为“茎流”。野外的行为观察对于确定什么是正常的,什么是不寻常的,以及真正了解动物需要什么是非常重要的。如果我们仔细观察,它们会告诉我们的。

因此,尽管“树袋熊”这个词在澳大利亚土著语言中的意思是“不喝”或“不喝水”,但似乎即使是这些困倦的生物有时也需要喝一杯。如果我们要鼓励它们繁衍生息,我们需要保护它们的栖息地。

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