营地与类营地环境的新冠肺炎自我隔离设施，尼日利亚

2020-12-26设计医疗技术科学网络

世界建筑 2020年12期

设计：医疗技术科学网络

项目意在体现新冠肺炎自我隔离设施的核心目标，以及它作为营地和类营地环境中防护系统的功能，从而支持政府收纳在疫情爆发的应对策略下面临人道主义危机的人群的工作。

在北半球，无症状和中微症患者的隔离通常是居家进行的。而南半球的大部分国家，尤其是在国内无家者营地、非正式的聚集地和难民营等脆弱的环境中，实行隔离的困难会更多。因为那里的医疗设施和基础设施条件明显不足，但这对于预防疾病传播是不可或缺的，否则在过度拥挤和密集的建成环境中控制疫情会更加困难。由医疗技术科学网络提出的这个设施方案将设在主营地附近，为新来的病患提供安全、有防控措施、给人尊严和舒适的自我隔离条件。其目的是：

（1）限制人与人之间的传播，减少密切接触者与医护工作者之间的二次感染，避免疫情传播范围的扩大，加强医疗设施建设；

（2）确认早期感染者，并进行优化护理；

（3）将关键风险和信息传达给所有群体，打击不实信息。

隔离区的大型居住区包含若干由5 个单元（最多可住两人）和两个双联单元（最多可住4 人）组成的独立建筑群。每个单元都有一个厨房角、盥洗室和淋浴设施、床铺，以及面向中央庭院的户外小平台。单元之间由矮栅栏隔开，既保持视觉上的联系又保证必要的社交距离。

这个特殊的项目支持要求是国际移民组织提出的，并最终促成了尼日利亚东北部自我隔离设施的建设。（尚晋译）

项目信息/Credit and Data

设计团队/Design Team: Tέchne

建筑面积/Floor Area: 4200 m2

摄影/Photos: IOM

1 营地图示/Camp diagram

2 外景/Exterior view

This project is intended to describe the core objective of a COVID-19 Self-quarantine facility and its functioning as protective and preventive system for camps and camp-like setting. supporting governments in including people affected by humanitarian crises within the outbreak readiness and response strategies.

In the Global nor th, quarantine for asymptomatic individuals and mild, moderate cases is generally carried out at home. In most Global South countries, and especially in fragile contexts such as IDP Camps, informal settlements and refugee camps, quarantine is more difficult to carry out because of an obvious lack of facilities and infrastructures, but necessary in order to avoid the spread of the disease which would then prove even more difficult to be contained in an overcrowded and dense built environment. The facility proposed by Tέchne was meant to be placed next to the main camps in order to allows a safe, controlled, dignified and comfortable self-quarantine for new arrivals in order to:

(a) limit human to human transmission, including reducing secondary infections among close contacts and healthcare workers, preventing transmission amplification events, strengthening health facilities;

(b) identify and provide optimised care for infected patients early;

The large residential sector of the quarantine area consists in a series of clusters of independent structures containing five single units (hosting up to two people) and two double units (hosting up to four people). Each unit includes a cooking corner, latrine and shower facilities, bed, and small outside terrace that opens up towards the central courtyard, and is separated from other units by a low fence allowing visual communication while providing required distancing.

This specific support request was submitted by the International Organisation for Migration which finally launched the construction of the selfquarantine facility in the Northeast of Nigeria.