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浅析英语中动词的应用

2020-12-07鲁长业

魅力中国 2020年15期
关键词:情态时态谓语

鲁长业

(许昌市建安区职业中等专业学校,河南 许昌 461100)

英语作为一门交流语言,是由一个个鲜活的句子构成,而动词是句子的灵魂,没有动词就没有英语这门语言,句子的种类,时态的变化主要体现在动词方面。同学们驾驭了动词也就驾驭了英语,在英语考试中成绩一定不会差。

一、英语中动词一般有三种基本形式:原形,第三人称单数,过去式

(一)一般现在时态中,主语是第一人称和第二人称及其复数形式,谓语动词用原型。

We study English at home.

(二)一般现在时态中,主语是第三人称单数形式,谓语动词用其单三形式,动词变单三规则等同于名词变复数。

She watches TV at home on Sunday.

(三)一般过去式态中,谓语动词必须变成其过去式,动词过去式变化规则分为规则变化和不规则变化。

1.规则变化后加ed:watch→watched

2.不规则变化:study→studied,go→went ,stop→stopped

Jim went through the jungle with courage.

二 、动词有四种基本形式:

(一)系动词:系动词在句子中起到连接主语和表语作用系动词后通常 跟形容词作表语,从而构成主系表结构。系动词分为四种形态:

1.状态:be等在句子中一般无意义,有时译为“是”。

Mary is very beautiful.

His father is a cook.

2.保(保持)态:keep,stay等

All the class keep quiet in class.

3.变(变化)态:become、turn、quite、grow、get、go、come等

It is getting dark.

My dream must come true.

4.感(感觉)态:fell、taste、look、smell、sound 它们中文意义具有共同特点:“…起来”

The piece of music sounds good.

The dishes taste delicious.

(二)实义动词:实义动词又称为行为动词,根据后面能否跟宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。

Mike’s grandpa lives a happy life.

The lady lives in Beijing.

实义动词根据所表动作能否延续分为短暂性动词和延续性动词。

He has practiced playing the piano for ten years.

The old man died twenty years ago.

(三)助动词是帮助动词构成某种时态,语态的词。英语中助动词有三个。

1.be:be+现在分词构成进行时。

be+延续性动词的现在分词表进行,译为“正在…”

We are reading in the classroom.

be+延续性动词的现在分词表将来,译为“就要…”

He is leaving his hometown for Shanghai.

2.have(has):have(has)+过去分词构成现在完成时。

Tom has finished his homework.

had+过去分词构成过去完成时

After he had finish his homework, he went out for a walk.

3.do(does):句中动词是be动词和情态动词之外其他动词时,变一般疑问句,句首加do的适当形式,其后动词用原型,句号变为问号即可。

Did you go to school yesterday?

在强调结构中,如果强调谓语动词,在谓语动词前加上do的适当形式,其后动词用原型。

(四)情态动词:情态动词是表示说话人的神态,语气的动词,没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能单独使用,后面跟动词原形

1.can(could)在肯定句表示能力。

He can speak English f

在否定句中表推测。

She can’t be in now.

在疑问句中标请求。

Can I use your pen?

2.may(might)在肯定句中表示可能性的推测

Kate may finish her lunch.

在否定句中表推测,译为“可能不…”

Students may not play basketball on the playground.

在疑问句中表示请求

May I come in?

含有情态动词may的倒装句表示祝愿性的短语。

May you have a good time.

May as well do sth.译为”不妨…吧”

You may as well give him a hand.

3.must:must+动词原形表示对现在,对将来情况肯定性的推测;must+have done表示对过去情况肯定性的推测; 含must的一般疑问句的肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t;must do sth译为“偏偏做某事。”

He must call you back if he comes home.

You must have forgotten your words.

Must I finish my homework?

Yes, you must.

No, you needn’t.

I have told you about it many times but you must forget it.

动词的基本形式,基本类型掌握好了,也就把握住了英语的精髓。

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