Abstracts and Key Words

HeatSourceandColdSource

EconomyandDesignofWindPowerHeatingSystemforConsumingAbandoned

WindPower

CHEN Wei，CHEN Jian

Abstract： Combined with the electric heating boiler room project in the Altay region of Xinjiang, the economy and design of the wind power heating system for consuming abandoned wind power are analyzed. In order to make full use of abandoned wind power and make use of the valley power as far as possible, two operation schemes are proposed. According to the operation strategy of operation schemes 1 and 2 and the typical daily hourly load, the rated thermal powers of the electric heat storage boiler and the electric duty boiler in operation schemes 1 and 2 are determined. According to the operation strategy of operation schemes 1 and 2 and the hourly load distribution during the typical annual heating period, the power consumptions of operation schemes 1 and 2 are calculated. The system flow of electric heating boiler room is analyzed. Operation scheme 1: During the valley electricity, the electric heat storage boiler is used for heat storage, and the heat load is borne by the electric duty boiler. The heat load during the normal electricity period and the peak electricity period is borne by the heat release of the electric heat storage boiler. Operation scheme 2: Electric heat storage boiler is used for heat storage during valley electricity period, and the heat load is borne by electric duty boiler. The heat load during the normal electricity period is borne by the electric duty boiler, and the heat load during the peak electricity period is borne by the heat release of the electric heat storage boiler. The thermal power of the electric duty boilers in operation schemes 1 and 2 is the same. The thermal power of the electric storage boiler in operation scheme 2 is lower than that in operation scheme 1. The purchase cost of electric boilers in operation scheme 2 is lower than that in operation scheme 1. The expenditure and benefit of operation schemes 1 and 2 during the heating period are equal. The economy of operation scheme 2 is better.

Keywords: abandoned wind power; wind power heating; electric boiler

Heat-supplyNetwork,Cooling-supplyNetworkandSubstation

ResearchonAsymmetryofSupplyandReturnWaterPressureLinesofAnnularSpaceHeat-supplyNetwork

YANG Guang, WANG Hai, LI Zhengwei

Abstract： Based on the object-oriented hydraulic calculation method, the hydraulic model of the space heat-supply network is established. Combined with the calculation example, under the condition that the characteristics of the circulation pump and the user flow rate remain unchanged, the effects of the absolute roughness of the return water main, the pipe section blockage and the pipe section leakage on the symmetry of the supply and return water pressure lines are calculated and analyzed. The effect of the absolute roughness of the return water main: when the absolute roughness of the supply and return water mains is different, the supply and return water pressure lines are asymmetric. The smaller the absolute roughness of the return water main, the more obvious the asymmetry. The effect of pipe section blockage: the blockage of the supply and return water mains leads to the asymmetry of the supply and return water pressure lines. Compared with the blockage of return water main, the blockage of supply water main is the main cause of the asymmetry of the supply and return water pressure lines. The effect of pipe section leakage: compared with the leakage of return water main, the leakage of water supply main is the main cause of the asymmetry of the supply and return water pressure lines. The larger the leakage, the more obvious the asymmetry of the supply and return water pressure lines caused by the leakage of the supply water main.

Keywords: object-oriented hydraulic calculation method; space heat network; supply and return water pressure lines; asymmetry

StressCalculationofAngledPipeSectionofDirectlyBuriedSteamPipeline

QIAN Qi, ZHOU You, YU Yangyang, SHI Lei

Abstract： The layout scheme of the angled pipe section of the directly buried steam pipeline is proposed. Taking the ratio of the primary stress and secondary stress to the allowable stress at the design temperature being less than or equal to 1 as the judgment condition, Bentley AutoPIPE pipeline analysis software is used to check and calculate the design parameters of different layout schemes. The eccentric setting of the elbow insulation structure is analyzed.

Keywords: directly buried steam pipeline; angled pipe section; design parameters

AnalysisofThermalExpansionofPE-RTⅡDirectlyBuriedHeatingPipeline

MIAO Qingwei, WANG Huai, CHANG Yana,ZHANG Huan,WANG Guanying

Abstract： With the progress of the plastic pipe technology, the PE-RT Ⅱprefabricated directly buried insulating pipe is suitable for urban centralized heating secondary circuit with water supply temperature ≤75 ℃ and pressure ≤1.0 MPa. The change of active axial force of directly buried heating pipeline with temperature is analyzed. According to the elastic modulus of PE-RT Ⅱ pipe at different temperatures, the formula for change of the elastic modulus with the working temperature of the pipeline is fitted. The analysis shows that the axial thermal stress of PE-RT Ⅱ prefabricated directly buried insulating pipe takes the maximum value when the working temperature is 49.26 ℃ when the working temperature range is 10 to 75 ℃. In the example analysis, the urban centralized heating secondary circuit is laid under the non-motor vehicle lane, the depth of groundwater level is 2 m, the centerline of the pipeline is above the groundwater level, the minimum coefficient of friction between the pipeline and soil is 0.2, and the design pressure of the pipeline is 0.8 MPa. The active axial force of the PE-RT Ⅱ pipe with a nominal outer diameter of 110 to 450 mm at three working temperatures of 75 ℃, 49.26 ℃ and 40 ℃, and the maximum length of the transition section of the straight pipe section are calculated respectively. The calculation results of the example show that under the same pipe diameter, as the working temperature of the pipeline decreases, the active axial force of the PE-RT Ⅱ pipe first increases and then decreases, and the maximum length of the transition section of the straight pipe section also first increases and then decreases. When the working temperature is 49.26 ℃, the active axial force and the maximum length of the transition section of the straight pipe section reach the maximum. When the working temperature is 49.26 ℃, the active axial force of the PE-RT Ⅱ pipe with a nominal outer diameter of 450 mm increases to a maximum of 21 521.92 N, and the maximum length of the transitional section of the straight pipe section increases to a maximum of 4.34 m. A single pipe length of PE-RT Ⅱ prefabricated directly buried insulating pipe can be anchored. When PE-RT Ⅱ prefabricated directly buried insulating pipe is applied in the urban centralized heating secondary circuit, it can be laid without compensation.

Keywords: PE-RT Ⅱprefabricated directly buried insulating pipe; thermal expansion; active axial force; length of transitional section

ApplicationofImpressedCurrentCathodicProtectioninDirectlyBuriedSteamPipeline

ZHENG Chunmiao, SHI Changqing,GAO Leimin, HU Haitao, LI Jixing

Abstract： Combined with engineering examples, the application of impressed current cathodic protection in directly buried steam pipelines is discussed. Corrosion perforation of the outer protective tube appeared in a section of the directly buried steam pipeline, and impressed current cathodic protection was applied to the outer protective tube. According to the measured results, the outer protective tube is fully cathodic protected, and corrosion of the outer protective tube is effectively suppressed.

Keywords: impressed current cathodic protection; directly buried steam pipeline; corrosion perforation

ComparisonandSelectionofCompartmentPressureSubstationandBoosterPumpStationatEndofLong-distanceHeat-supplyNetwork

WU Zhongzheng, YU Jianguo, WU Zhenyu

Abstract： Combined with engineering examples, the comparison and selection of compartment pressure substation and booster pumping station at the end of the long-distance heat-supply network are discussed. Scheme 1 is to set a compartment pressure substation at the end of the long-distance pipeline network (design pressure is 2.5 MPa), and Scheme 2 is to set a booster pump station at the end of the long-distance pipeline network (design pressure is 1.6 MPa). Although the long-distance pipeline cost, equipment purchase cost and heating period operation cost of Scheme 1 are higher than those of Scheme 2, the compartment pressure substation isolates the long-distance pipeline network and the primary circuit into two independent systems, which is conducive to the operation and regulation of urban heating system. It is recommended to adopt Scheme 1, that is, to set the compartment pressure substation.

Keywords: long-distance heat-supply network; booster pump station; compartment pressure substation

ConstructionPracticeofOverheadLayingInstallationofSteamPipelinewithBridge

GAO Yongjun，LI Lei

Abstract： The space between two bridges is used to design and manufacture a mobile working platform with load of 4 construction personnel and supports. The design, installation and fixing methods of the working platform, the lifting and installation of pipeline supports, the construction steps of pipeline and the weld flaw detection are introduced.

Keywords: steam pipeline；overhead laying with bridge；working platform

GasTransmission,Distribution,StorageandTransportation

ResearchonPreventionandControlofHydrateFormationduringPressureRegulationofGasGateStation

LIU Yao, MA Yaxin, TAN Songling,CHEN Taotao, ZUO Lili, LI Guanghui

Abstract： By changing the mole fraction of methane, ethane, propane and isobutane, the influence of gas composition on the hydrate formation conditions was analyzed and studied. In view of the freezing blockage of a city gas gate station from 2017 to 2018, the formation of hydrates was analyzed. HYSYS software was used to establish the pressure regulation calculation model of the gas gate station and the mass fraction calculation model of methanol aqueous phase needed to control hydrate were respectively. The pressure regulation process of a city gas gate station was simulated to study the prevention and control of hydrate formation during the pressure regulation. The research results show that the gas composition has a certain influence on the hydrate formation conditions, isobutane and propane have a greater influence on the hydrate formation temperature, the influence of isobutane is greater than that of propane, and the changes of methane and ethane have no obvious influence on the hydrate formation temperature. With the increase of pressure, the influence of the gas composition change on the hydrate formation temperature is relatively weakened. The method of calculating the injection amount of methanol produced by hydrate prevention and control by HYSYS was studied, that is, the mass fraction of methanol aqueous phase for the prevention of hydrate formation is calculated and the total injection quantity was calculated according to the mass fraction of methanol aqueous phase. By this method, the mass fraction of methanol aqueous phase during pressure regulation of a gas gate station is 44.5% to 49.8%, and the injection amount of methanol is 2.42×10-4to 3.00×10-4L/m3. When the pressure during the pressure regulation process is reduced from 3.95 MPa to 2.10 MPa and the temperature before the pressure regulation is -6 to -10 ℃, as the water dew point decreases, the amount of methanol required decreases. For every 1 ℃ decrease in water dew point, the amount of methanol injected It can be reduced by 0.05×10-4to 0.07×10-4L/m3. When the water dew point drops to 5 to 6 ℃ lower than the temperature before pressure regulation, there is no liquid water condensation in the pressure regulation process, so there is no need to calculate the methanol injection.

Keywords: gas pressure regulation; prevention and control of hydrate; injection of methanol; HYSYS software simulation

HorizontalDirectionalDrillingCrossingofPEGasPipelineinMannerofPipe-in-Pipe

JI Cheng，ZHI Huan，ZHU Kaimin

Abstract： Combined with the engineering case of a total crossing length of 954 m, the PE gas pipeline horizontal directional drilling crossing project is discussed. The engineering difficulties are analyzed, the crossing schemes are compared and selected, and the crossing process of "pipe-in-pipe" (PE pipe insertion in steel pipe) is proposed. The pipe hoop pulley structure is used to optimize the PE pipe through the steel pipe and the end butt joint process.

Keywords: PE gas pipeline; horizontal directional drilling; crossing; pipe-in-pipe; pipe hoop pulley structure

PracticeofCathodicProtectionofLarge-diameterPipeJackingCrossingSection

YU Xiang, MAO Binhui, ZHU Junzong, LIU Guo

Abstract： The problems existing in the cathodic protection of large-diameter pipe jacking crossing section are analyzed. Combined with engineering examples, the sacrificial anode cathodic protection scheme of large-diameter pipe jacking crossing section and fasteners is discussed.

Keywords: pipe jacking crossing; large-diameter pipe; fastener; sacrificial anode; cathodic protection; impressed current

ExamplesofHydraulicProtectionMeasuresforGasTransmissionPipeline

WANG Tiejun, XU Wei

Abstract： Taking the water damage accident of Chaka Town section of natural gas pipeline in Wulan county of Sebei-Xi’ning-Lanzhou double line as an example, the hydraulic protection measure combining the reinforced concrete counterweight block and the bagged sand cut-off wall is formulated. The calculation method of the setting distance of the reinforced concrete counterweight blocks and the requirements for setting of cut-off wall are introduced. Practice shows that the hydraulic protection measure works well.

Keywords: gas transmission pipeline; hydraulic protection; counterweight block; cut-off wall

ResearchandApplicationofOn-siteCalibrationTechnologyforNaturalGasMeter

SHAN Luwei

Abstract： The calibration requirements of natural gas metering instrument are elaborated, the current status and existing problems of metering instrument calibration are analyzed, and a technology and device that can be moved and can be calibrated on-site or off-site are proposed. The operation steps for implementing on-site calibration are put forward.

Keywords: metering instrument; on-site calibration; mobile device; periodic calibration

LiquefiedNaturalGas

AnalysisofLNGColdEnergyUsedinFreeze-dryingofFruitsandVegetables

WANG Wenhua, ZHANG Lin, WANG Min, DU Yang

Abstract： Taking a LNG peak-shaving storage and distribution station (the daily gas supply is 30×104m3/d) as an example, a scheme of using LNG cold energy for freeze-drying of fruits and vegetables is designed, and the cold energy generated during the LNG vaporizing is used in the freeze drying of fruits and vegetables. Through Aspen Plus V11 simulation, the calculation results show that the LNG with a mass flow rate of 9 t/h can provide a heat exchange capacity of 1 224 kW to the pre-cooling box group of the freeze-drying unit, and a heat exchange capacity of 612 kW to the vacuum drying box group of the freeze-drying unit, which is equivalent to a power saving of 900 kW. The investment recovery period of the project is 1 year, and the economic benefit is good.

Keywords: LNG cold energy utilization; refrigerant; freeze-drying of fruits and vegetables; Aspen Plus simulation; economic analysis

CombinedTechnologyofLNGColdEnergyUsedinPowerGeneration,ColdStorageandDataCenter

LAI Jianbo, GUO Baoling,CHEN Zhaofeng, CHENG Weihao

Abstract： Taking a LNG emergency reserve project as the background, the comprehensive utilization technology of LNG cold energy was studied, and the technological process of combined technology of LNG cold energy used in power generation, cold storage and data center was designed. The process uses the ethane-propane mixed system as the primary refrigerant for cold energy power generation, and uses propane as the secondary refrigerant to provide cooling capacity for the cold storage and data center, which realizes the cold energy cascade utilization with large temperature span and effectively improves cold energy power generation efficiency. In this design, the operation of the cold energy power generation area, the cold storage area and the data center area is relatively independent. If any one of the areas is abnormal, it will not affect the normal operation of other areas. By adjusting the valve, the production of non-faulty areas and the gasification of LNG can be ensured. Aspen software is used to simulate and optimize the technological process, combined with market research, the economics of the system is analyzed. The annual profit of this project is 6 386.5×104yuan, the total investment of facilities and equipment is 26 797×104yuan, and the investment payback period is 4.19 years. The project has shorter payback period and good economic benefits.

Keywords: LNG cold energy; cascade utilization; power generation; cold storage; data center

GasVehicle,ShipandGasFuelingStation

ConstructionofThree-dimensionalCompressedNaturalGasFillingStation

ZHU Fubin

Abstract： The construction method and site selection principle of gas filling station are introduced, and the problems encountered in construction are put forward. The three-dimensional gas filling station is to distribute the production facilities of gas filling station on different elevations by using the terrain height difference during the site selection. The construction form, feasibility and safety measures of the three-dimensional gas filling station are discussed.

Keywords: conventional gas filling station; compressed natural gas filling station; three-dimensional

CauseAnalysisandSolutionofIdlingofLNGPlungerPumpinGasFillingStation

LI Ying，MA Weiwei，XIE Qiangqiang

Abstract： Taking a filling station as an example, the cause of idling of LNG plunger pump during operation is analyzed from the aspects of equipment itself, liquid intake, return gas, construction, and process design, and a solution is proposed.

Keywords: gas filling station; LNG plunger pump; idling; cause analysis; solution

BuildingGasSupply

SolutionsofNaturalGasAdditionalPressureforHigh-riseResidentialBuildings

DENG Yong

Abstract： Taking the natural gas supply system for residential users of high-rise residential buildings in Guangzhou as an example, the pressure of natural gas was calculated and measured on the spot to verify the problem of overpressure in high-rise residential buildings. Four solutions are proposed and their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages and scope of application are analyzed. The four solutions are: solution one, reduce the outlet pressure of the regional regulator; solution two, install low-low pressure regulators in all users’ rooms; solution three, install large flow low-low pressure regulators on high-floor risers; solution four, install low-low pressure regulators in high-floor users’ rooms. The performance parameters of 4 kinds of low-low pressure regulators were compared, the pressure loss of 4 kinds of low-low pressure regulators under low inlet pressure conditions was tested through experiments, and a low-low pressure regulator that meets the requirements was selected. The analysis shows that for high-rise residential buildings with total height of less than 78 m, the additional pressure of natural gas will not lead to overpressure in front of gas appliances of high-floor users. For high-rise residential buildings with total height of 78 to 100 m, under the premise that the pressure in front of gas appliances of the first floor users at the peak of gas consumption is not less than 1 500 Pa, the solution one is adopted, the outlet pressure of the regional regulator is set at 2.35 kPa, and the closing pressure is 2.6 kPa. For high-rise residential buildings with total height of 78 to 100 m, if after the solution one is adopted, the pressure in front of gas appliances of the first floor users at the peak of gas consumption is less than 1 500 Pa, the solution four is adopted, the outlet pressure of the regional regulator is set at 2.5 kPa, and the closing pressure is 2.8 kPa. The low-low pressure regulators are installed in front of the gas meters of users on the 27thfloor (calculated as floor height of 2.9 m) and above. For super high-rise residential buildings with total height of more than 100 m, the solution four is adopted.

Keywords: high-rise residential building; high-floor user; indoor natural gas piping; additional pressure; low-low pressure regulator

GasEquipmentandMaterials

DesignofProtectiveStructureofNB-IoTIntelligentGasMeter

DI Peng，WANG Binbin

Abstract： The protection level of the shell of electrical equipment is described. The design scheme of protective structure of NB-IoT intelligent gas meter (basic meter part, intelligent controller shell and basic meter, between the upper and lower shells of the intelligent controller, battery compartment, display window and function buttons) is analyzed

Keywords: NB-IoT intelligent gas meter; protective structure; intelligent controller

GasInformatization

InformatizationConstructionofUrbanGasInstallationProjectunderMarketOpening

WEN Xiaosong

Abstract： The impact of market opening on urban gas installation is explained, and the concept of urban gas installation project and the full life cycle of gas project are introduced. The informatization construction of urban gas installation project under the market opening is discussed, and a full life information system for gas projects is established. The module function and role distribution as well as the functional structure and physical structure of the full life cycle system of gas project are analyzed.

Keywords: market opening; gas installation project; full life cycle; informatization

ResearchonOperationandMaintenanceRiskManagementofGasPlantStationBasedonBIM

WANG Yonghua, LI Yanfang, XU Huiying, ZHANG Kang, CHANG Hongli,WANG Youli

Abstract： The main problems existing in the traditional operation and maintenance risk management of gas plant station and the application advantages of BIM technology in the operation and maintenance risk management of gas plant station are analyzed. Combining BIM technology with operation and maintenance risk management of gas plant station, the construction method and construction example of operation and maintenance risk management model for gas plant station based on BIM are put forward. The workflow of the overall framework of the model and the functions of the main application point are analyzed.

Keywords: BIM technology; gas plant station; operation and maintenance risk management; operation and maintenance model; risk management model

GasEnterpriseManagement

AnalysisofStatusQuoandOperationModeofHainanLPGIndustry

ZHANG Zhaowei

Abstract： The status quo of Hainan LPG industry is analyzed, and a new operation mode is put forward. Recommendations for the optimization of sales mode and marketing strategy, and the establishment of management platform under the new operation mode are made, and the expectations for the development of the industry under the new operation mode are made.

Keywords: Hainan; LPG industry development; operation mode