V-ing形式作主语和宾语用法探究

夏雪

一、V-ing形式作主语

1. 动名词作主语时，表示一般行为，谓语动词用单数。如：

Joan s being married to Mike made her parents very angry. 琼和麦克的结婚使她的父母很生气。

Collecting information is very important to businessmen. 搜集信息对于一个商人来说是非常重要的。

Doing morning exercises is good for health. 做早操对健康有好处。

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

2. 在下面的句型中，it是形式主语，动名词作真正的主语：It s no use / good+V-ing.;It s a waste of time / so nice / foolish interesting / doing sth.。如：

It s no good smoking; you d better give it up. 吸烟有害健康，你最好戒烟。

It s no use arguing with him. 和他争论是没有用的。

It s a waste of time waiting here. 在这里等是浪费时间。

It s so nice talking to you. 很高兴和你谈话。

3. There is no +动名词。如：

There is no telling what will happen. （试比较：It is impossible to tell what will happen.） 不知道会发生什么。

There is no joking about it. 这事开不得玩笑。

4. 动名词作主语时与不定式的区别：

不定式作主语表示具体某一次的行为;动名词作主语表示抽象或泛指的动作。实际运用中一般可互换，差异不大，但下列几种情况除外：

① 当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词;当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式。如：

Seeing is believing. （To see is to believe.） 眼见为实。

② 在It s no use / no good / a waste of time doing sth.等句型中一般用动名词，而不用不定式。如：

It is no good keeping this secret. 此事不公开没有什么好处。

It is a waste of energy arguing with her. 和她争论是浪费精力。

③ 在It is important / necessary / easy to do sth.，It is+adj.+for （of） sb.+to do sth.等句型中通常只能用不定式，而不使用动名词。如：

It is important for you to learn English well. 对你来说学好英语很重要。

It is very kind of you to help us. 你能帮助我们真是太好了。

二、V-ing形式作宾语

1. 在suggest， finish， admit， advise， avoid， can t help， consider， delay， deny， endure， enjoy， escape， excuse， finish， leave off， mind等动词后面通常接动名词作宾语;在hate， like， prefer等动词后面，如果表示一般倾向，则多用V-ing作宾语，如果指特定的或某次具体的行动，则多用不定式。如：

He finished reading the book yesterday. 他昨天讀完了那本书。

She suggested going there to help the farmers. 她建议去那里帮助农民。

She prefers walking to cycling. 她宁愿步行，也不愿骑自行车。

2. V-ing形式也可用作介词的宾语。如：

He apologized to the teacher for being late. 他因迟到而向老师道歉。

Her family are all proud of having such a splendid house. 她的家人都为拥有如此豪华的房子而感到骄傲。

【注意】用作介词to的宾语时，极易与不定式发生混淆，此类结构还有：in addition to除……外，admit to承认，devote oneself to献身于，be equal to能胜任;等于，be familiar to为……所熟悉，give one s mind to专心于，keep to坚持，look up to尊敬，lead to导致，look forward to盼望，object to反对，pay attention to注意，point to指向，stick to坚持，be used to习惯于，turn to求助于等。如：

[正] Let s get down to repairing the machine.

[误] Let s get down to repair the machine.

3. forget， remember， stop， regret， try， mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同，不定式表示谓语动词之后的动作，而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，常用一般式doing代替完成式having done。如：

① stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事情;stop to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事。如：

He was having a walk when he saw me. He stopped to say hello to me. 见到我时他正在散步，他停下脚步跟我打招呼。

The students stopped talking when the teacher came in. 当老师进来时学生停止讲话了。

② forget后面接不定式与动名词，意思有很大的不同，要注意二者的区别。forget to do sth.意思为“忘记去做某事”，指尚未发生的动作;forget doing sth. 意思是“忘记了曾经做过的某事”，表示已经发生了的动作。如：

He forgot to lock the door. 他忘记了锁门。（门没有锁）

He forgot locking the door. 他忘记已把门锁上了。（门锁上了，但是他忘记了）

③ try doing sth. 试一试做某事;try to do sth. 努力/ 尽力去做某事。如：

He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend. 他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐。

She tried reading a novel， but that couldn t make her forget her sorrow. 她试着看看小说，但也不能使她忘记伤心事。

④ be afraid of doing sth. 担心 / 害怕去做某事;be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事。如：

He was afraid of making mistakes. 他担心会犯错误。

He was afraid to tell the truth. 他不敢把实情讲出来。

⑤ go on doing sth. （停顿以后）继续做原来做的事;go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事，指接下去做与原来不同的事。如：

Now let s go on reading Lesson 1. 让我们继续读第一课。

After reading the text， the students went on to listen to the teacher carefully.读完课文以后，同学们接着认真听老师的课。

⑥ regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事（也可以说：regret having done sth.）;regret to do sth.（tell / say / inform）很遗憾地要做（告诉……/说……/ 通知……）。如：

I regret having told you the truth. 我后悔把真相告诉你。

I regret to say that you have failed the exam. 很遗憾你考试没有通过。

⑦ remember doing sth. 想起已经做过的事情;remember to do sth. 记住要去做某事。如：

Remember to write to us when you get there. 到那里，记得给我们写信。

I don t remember meeting him. 我不记得见过他。

⑧ mean doing sth.的意思是“意味着（必须要做某事或导致某种结果）”，其主语通常是指事物的词;mean to do sth.的意思是“打算或企图做某事”，其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词，其过去完成式表示“本来打算做某事”。如：

Being a student means studying hard. 作为一个学生，（意味着）你要努力学习。

A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return. 真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人。

I didn t mean to hurt you. 我没有企图伤害你。

John really upset Granny， but I m sure he did not mean to. 约翰真让奶奶心烦，不过我相信他是无意的。

4. 动名词作need， want， require， be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。如：

The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到。

This English novel is worth reading. 这本英文小说值得一读。

The situation in Russian required studying. 俄国形式需要研究。

【小试身手】

I. 根据所给汉语完成句子，每空一词。

1. 听古典音乐使我们感觉愉悦。

____ ____ ____ ____ makes us feel happy.

2. 他不能通过考试使老师非常生气。

____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ the exam made the teacher unhappy.

3. 你没有必要晚上学习到深夜。

It is not necessary for you ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____.

4. 這只小鸟很幸运，它没有被抓住。

The bird was so lucky that it missed ____ ____.

5. 暑期我喜欢在河里游泳。

I ____ ____ ____ ____ ____  during the summer holiday.

6. 她不会介意照料我们的孩子的。

She wouldn t ____ ____ ____ ____ our children.

7. 我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。

I shall never ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ on an ordinary envelope.

8. 这台洗衣机需要修理。

The washing-machine ____ ____.

II. 单句语法填空。

1. Something as simple as ____ （drink） some cold water may clear your mind and relive pressure.

2. It s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____（have） the answer ready will be of great help.

3. ____ is no good talking about the greatness of our country， unless we do something to make it great.

4. It is a waste of time ____ （try） to explain the problem to him.

5. There  ____ （be） no use crying over spilt milk.

6. I still remember ____ （take） to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.

7. The parents suggested ____ （sleep） in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.

8. I hear they ve promoted Tom， but he didn t mention ____ （promote） when we talked on the phone.

9. —Robert is indeed a wise man.

—Oh， yes. How often I have regretted not ____ （take） his advice！

10. We ve had a good start， but next， more work needs ____ （do） to achieve the final success.

III. 单句改错。

1. Read aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.

2. Going to bed early and getting up early are considered to be a good habit.

3. It s no good waited here. Let s go home.

4. That felt funny watching myself on TV.

5. Fishing is his favorite hobby， and collect coins also gives him great pleasure.

6. I would appreciate your call back this afternoon.

7. I can hardly imagine Peter sail across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

8. —What do you think of the book？

—Oh， excellent. It s worth being reading a second time.

9. I don t regret to telling her what I thought even if it might have upset her.