必修4第1单元重点词语精讲精练

王振祥

1. campaign n. 运动;战役 vi. 作战;参加运动

campaign无论用作名词还是动词，常与for， against连用，for后接追求的目标，against后接反对的人或事。如：

She led a worldwide campaign for peace after the war. 战后，她领导了一场世界范围的和平运动。

They have launched a campaign against poverty. 他们发起了一场消除贫困的运动。

campaign还可后接动词不定式作定语或宾语。如：

The walk was part of a national campaign to raise ￡900，000. 這次散步是一场筹集90万英镑的全国运动的一部分。

She campaigned to save the town library. 她为拯救城镇图书馆而战。

2. behave vt. & vi. 举动;（举止或行为）表现

behave一般作不及物动词，意为“举止，表现”，后面常接副词或介词。也可用作及物动词，后接反身代词作其宾语，即：behave oneself意为“守规矩，表现得体”。如：

Students shouldn

He behaved like a true gentleman. 他的举止犹如一名真正的绅士。

I want you to behave yourselves while I

3. worthwhile adj. 值得的;值得做的

worthwhile为形容词，意为“值得的”。worthwhile可用作定语，也可用作表语。用作表语时，其后可接动词不定式，也可后接动名词。如：

He wanted to do a worthwhile job. 他想做件值得做的工作。

We decided to give the money to a worthwhile cause （=one that helps people）. 我们决定将钱用于一件对人民有益的事业。

It is worthwhile to go abroad because you can make more money. 到国外去是值得的，因为你可以赚更多的钱。

It is not worthwhile giving him some presents. He is so selfish. 不值得给他一些礼物，他那么自私。

辨析：worth， worthy和worthwhile

这三个词都有“值得的”的意思，但用法或搭配不同。

● worth：

① 其后通常接名词（多数用于钱数或相当于代价的比喻性名词）;

② 其后还可接动名词的主动形式，表示被动含义（一般不接不定式）;

③ 如果表示“很值得”的意义时，要用be well worth。如：

I

The book is worth reading again. 这本书值得再读一遍。

● worthy：

① 其后可接of + n. / being done;

② 其后还可接不定式。如：

The question is worthy of consideration. = The question is worthy of being considered. = The question is worthy to be considered. 这个问题值得考虑。

● worthwhile：

① 既可作表语，又可作定语。如：

It is worthwhile to try / trying this experiment. 这个实验值得做。

I think it is a worthwhile experiment. 我想这是个值得做的实验。

② 用作表语时，可适用的句型结构有：

A. 动名词/不定式+be + worthwhile。如：

Explaining a job fully to a new employee is worthwhile.= To explain a job fully to a new employee is worthwhile. 给新雇员详细说明工作的要求是值得的。

B. It is + worthwhile + 动名词 / 不定式。如：

It is worthwhile to explain a job fully to a new employee.= It is worthwhile explaining a job fully to a new employee.

C.  It is worth one

It is worth your while to explain a job fully to a new employee.

4. observe vt. 观察;观测;遵守

observe意为“观察，觉察到”时，可后接单宾语，也可后接复合宾语，后接不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构应省略to，也可后接

V-ing分词作宾补，其后也可接宾语从句。如：

She observed his actions with interest. 她很感兴趣地观察他的行动。

His neighbour observed a stranger go into his house. 他的邻居看到了一个陌生人进入他的家。

Officers observed him driving at 90 miles per hour. 警官们观察到他每小时驾驶90英里。

Keynes observed that humans fall into two classes. 凯恩斯论述人分为两个阶级。

Observe how the people in the group interact. 观察小组中的成员如何互相影响。

此外，该词也可意为“遵守（法律、协议、规章等）;庆祝 （节日等）”。如：

The game will continue only when both teams agree to observe / follow the rules. 只有当两个队都同意遵守规则时，比赛才能继续。

【思维拓展】

observe sb. do sth.; observe sb. doing sth.; observe that...; observe what / where / when / why / how...; observer n. 观察员，观察者;observation n. 观察（行为）

5. respect vt. & n. 尊敬;尊重;敬意

作动词用时，后可接人，也可接法律、权利、文化差异、风俗习惯以及某人的人格、信仰、观点等。如：

A society where teachers are not respected is never promising. 一个教师不受尊敬的社会是永远没有希望的。

I

作名词用时，还有“注意;考虑;关系;有关;方面”等意思。作“敬意、问候”时，多用复数。如：

The students have great respect for their history teacher. 学生们非常尊敬他们的历史老师。

Give my respects to your wife. 请代我向你太太问好。

I think you are wrong in every respect. 我觉得你各方面都错了。

【思维拓展】

respect构成的常用短语有：in all respects 无论从哪方面来看;in respect of 关于;就……来说;pay one

6. argue vt. & vi. 讨论;辩论;争论

argue意为“争辩，争论”，视情况用作及物或不及物动词。表示“就某事与某人争辩”等时，为不及物动词，其后需接介词，即argue with sb. about / over sth.。如：

He argued with Mary about the best place for a holiday. 他和玛丽争论度假的最好地方。

作及物动词时，后接case （案件） 或从句作宾语。另外，表示“说服某人做某事”时，也作及物动词用。如：

The speaker argued that more immigrants should be admitted to the country. 讲演者举出理由证明应该允许更多的移民入境。

She intended to argue the clerk into lowering the price. 她试图说服售货员降低价格。

They argued their actions had nothing to do with the riot， but I think that

【思维拓展】

argue的常用短语：argue a case 辩论一个案子;argue about / on / over sth. 辩论[争论]某事;argue with sb. 与某人争辩;argue against 反驳，驳斥;argue sb. down 驳倒某人;argue for / in favour of 力辨赞成;为……而力争;argue sb. into （doing） sth. 说服某人做某事或接受某种意见;argue sb. out of （doing） sth. 说服某人不做某事，打消某种念头

其名词为argument，意为“争吵;争论;理由，论点，论据”。如：

We had an argument with the waiter about the bill. 我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。

There are strong arguments for and against euthanasia. 对安乐死支持和反对者都提出了强有力的论据。

7. intend vt. 计划;打算

其后可接动词不定式、动名词、不定式复合结构、从句作宾语。如：

I intend to spend the night here. 我打算在这儿过夜。

I intended coming / to come back soon. 我打算尽快赶回来。

Did he intend us to share the costs of the meal？ 他要我们一起分担饭钱吗？

Mr. Black intends that his son shall learn Chinese. 布萊克先生想让他儿子学习汉语。

【思維拓展】

come构成的动词短语还有：

come about 发生;产生;come back 回来，想起来;come down 落下来;come from 出生 （于） ，来自;come in（to）进入，进来;come off 从……离开，脱落;come on 来吧;赶快;come out 出来;（书等）出版，发行;come to 共计;达到; come true 变为现实，成为事实;come up 上来;上升;抬头;come up with追上，赶上;想出（主意）;找出（答案）;提出（建议等）

【跟踪练习】

单句语法填空。

1. The interview was the start of a campaign

his new book.

2. The software was perfect__________no respects.

3. I learnt the news only__________chance.

4. He said he loved her， but he actually had no__________（intend） of marrying her.

5. We did that to show a healthy respect__________our customers.

6. The film__________（intend） to educate teenagers to stay away from drugs.

7. I regret to say that you

8. It is worth your while__________（consider） the problem carefully.

9. The conductor expects to be treated__________basic respect.

10. The main__________（argue） against smoking is that it

11. Alice is always arguing her parents__________buying her a new computer.

12. The spy behaved as if he__________（do） nothing wrong.

13. A lot of volunteers took part in the campaign__________pollution.

14. Most Brazilian restaurants offer fresh milk__________（deliver）.

15. I wish those children would behave__________（they）.

16. It__________（observe） that 40 percent of patients had high blood pressure.