必修4第5单元重点词语精讲精练

王振祥

1. various adj. 不同的;各种各样的

There are various ways of cooking an egg.鸡蛋有各种各样的做法。

Various people said they had seen the accident. 许多人说他们目睹了这次事故。

【思维拓展】 various的同根词有：vary v.改变，变更;variety n. 品种，种类，多样性;variation n. 变化，变种;variable adj. 可变的，易变的

【相关词组】 a （large / great / wide / considerable） variety of各种各样的;种类繁多的;variety of forms各种各样的形式;for a variety of reasons因种种理由;for varieties sake为了不单调起见;varieties of各种各样的

Many varieties of chrysanthemum are being shown. 许多种菊花在展出。

Her health varies from good to rather weak. 她的健康时好时坏。

2. whichever pron. 无论哪一个;任何一个

whichever为疑问代词或连接代词，意为“哪一个，无论哪个”，在句中可作定语、主语、宾语或表语。其既可引導名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。

Whichever book do you like to read？ 你到底愿意看哪一本书？

You can buy whichever magazine you like. 你可以买你喜欢的任何杂志。

Whichever they choose， we must accept their decision. 无论他们如何选择，我们都必须接受他们的决定。

【细中辨微】 whichever与no matter which

whichever既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句;no matter which只能引导让步状语从句。

The situation is an awkward one， no matter which （whichever） way you look at it. 无论从哪方面看，这个局面都很尴尬。

Whichever team wins will be praised. （此为主语从句，不能用no matter which） 不管哪支队伍赢都将受到表扬。

【思维拓展】 类似whichever与no matter which用法的还有：whatever与no matter what， whoever与no matter who， however与no matter how， whenever与no matter when， wherever与no matter where等。

3. be familiar with / to

familiar作“熟悉的”解，根据句型不同后接with或to：

（1） sb. is familiar with sth. 某人熟悉某事物;某人精通某事

We are familiar with the saying. 我们熟悉这条格言。

Are you familiar with these details？ 你熟悉这些细节吗？

He is familiar with English. 他精通英语。

（2） sth. is familiar to sb. 某事物为某人所熟悉

The saying is familiar to us. 这条格言我们熟悉。

His voice on the phone sounded familiar to me. 他在电话上的声音我听起来很熟悉。

familiar作“友好的;不拘礼节的;过分亲密的;放肆的”等解时，可用作表语或定语，通常与介词with 连用。

It's a familiar face. 那是一张熟悉的面孔。

He's familiar with us. （=He's on familiar terms with us）. 他与我们关系很友好。

She greeted them by their first names in a familiar way. 她与他们打招呼时亲切地直呼其名。

The man makes himself too familiar with my wife. 这个人对我妻子太随便（太放肆）。

4. no wonder 难怪;不足为奇

No wonder （that）...为It is / was no wonder （that）...的省略，意为“难怪;不足为奇”，其中的that可省略。

You eat so little. No wonder you are so slim. 你吃得这么少，难怪这么瘦。

Are you a librarian？ No wonder you are so well read. 你是图书管理员？难怪你这么博学。

It's no wonder you can't sleep when you eat so much. 你吃得太饱，自然睡不着。

类似的句型还有：（It is / was） Small / Little wonder that...

There is something wrong with your leg？ Little wonder you walk so slowly. 你的腿出问题了？难怪你走得这么慢。

【思维拓展】 wonder的常用句型有：

（1） It's a wonder 难得，奇怪的是;

（2） I wonder if / whether / wh-从句 不知……，我想知道……

It's a wonder that he should have failed in the exam. 他考试竟然没有及格，真是奇怪。

I wonder whether / if you would mind helping me. 不知你是否能帮帮我的忙。

I wondered / was wondering if I could use your car. 不知我是否可以用你的车。

5. wherever adv. & conj. 无论在什么地方;各处

wherever可作副词，意为“（表示惊讶）哪里”;作连词时，意为“无论哪里，无论什么地方”，可引导让步状语从句，偶尔可引导名词性从句。

Wherever did you get that idea？ 你哪儿来的那个主意？

Wherever there's plenty of sun and rain， the fields are green. 凡是阳光和雨水充足的地方，田野就是绿的。

I'll telephone her from wherever I get to by tomorrow evening. 在明天傍晚前，我无论到达了哪里，我都会给她打电话的。 （引导名词性从句，作介词的宾语）

6. preserve vt. 保存;保留 n. 保护区

preserve作及物动词时，意为“保护;保持;保存，保藏”;作名词时，意为“禁猎地;禁区;保护区”。

It is one of the duties of the police to preserve public order. 警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。

Salt preserves food from decay. 盐能防止食物腐烂。

The Town Council spent a lot of money in preserving the old castle and other places of historic interest. 镇政务委员会花了不少钱来保护那座古城堡和其他古迹。

The organization was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction. 成立这个组织是为了保护濒危物种不致灭绝。

There is a perfectly preserved 14th-century house in the village. 这个村子里有座保存完好的14世纪的房屋。

No hunting is allowed in the preserve. 在这个禁猎区内不许打猎。

Football is no longer the preserve of men. 足球不再是男人的专利了。

【思维拓展】 preserve的派生词有：preserver n.保护人，维护者，保存者;preservation  n. 保护，维护，保存;preservative n. 防腐剂，保护剂

7. be modelled after 根据……模仿;仿造

此为model A on / after B的被动结构。其中的介词用on或after均可。

The new church was modeled after St.Peter's in Rome. 这个教堂是根据罗马的圣彼得大教堂建造的。

【思维拓展】 model n. 模型;模特儿;模式;典型 vt. 制作模型，用……做成模型 adj. 典型的;模范的;a fashion model时装模特;a model student模范学生;airplane models飞机模型;model oneself on sb. 以……为榜样;仿效。

This washing machine is the latest model. 这台洗衣机是最新样式。

He modeled himself on his mother. 他以自己的母亲为榜样。

8. advance vt. & vi 前进;促进;提前

n. 前进;进步

advance可作动词，意为“前进;促进;提前”，也可用作名词。现将其用法归纳如下：

（1） 用作动词，基本意为“前进”，注意其后所接介词。

① 表示推进的方向，通常用介词 to， towards。

The troops advanced to the river. 部队行进到河边。

They advanced towards the castle. 他們向城堡推进。

② 表示进攻的对象，通常用介词 on， upon。

The soldiers advanced on the enemy. 士兵们向敌人进击。

They advanced upon the enemy. 他们向敌人进攻。

（2） 用作名词，表示“前进”时，多为不可数名词;表示“进展;进步;改进”等意时，多为可数名词。

The army's advance was very slow. 部队推进很慢。

China has made great advances in industry. 中国在工业方面进步很大。

比较：in advance （事先，提前）和in advance of （在……前面）。

The rent must be paid in advance. 租金必須预付。

He is far in advance of his class. 他在班上遥遥领先。

【相关词组】 advance from... to... 把……提前;on the advance （物价）在上涨

The date of the meeting was advanced from 10 to 3 June. 会议日期已由6月10日提前到6月3日。

Silk is on the advance. 丝绸价格在上涨。

【思维拓展】 advanced为形容词，意为“高级的;先进的”，如：advanced mathematics高等代数;advanced English高级英语等。

They have brought in more advanced technology. 他们已引进了更先进的技术。

There were only three of us on the advanced course. 只有我们三人学高级课程。

9. come to life 苏醒过来;活跃起来;恢复生气

With the doctor's help， he soon came to life. 在医生的帮助下，他很快就苏醒过来了。

The match finally came to life in the second half. 比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。

I seldom come to life before noon. 我中午前往往精神不振。

In my dream all my toys came to life. 我的玩具在梦里都活了起来。

【思维拓展】 all one's life 一生，一辈子;for life 终生，终身;true to life 逼真的，栩栩如生的;frighten / scare the life out of sb.把某人吓得魂不附体;lose one's life 牺牲生命，献身

All my life I've tried to be an honest man. 我一生都在设法做一个诚实的人。

They became friends for life. 他们成了终生之交。

The murderer was imprisoned for life. 凶手被终身监禁。

All the characters in the play are true to life. 剧中的所有角色都演得生动逼真。

The bombing almost frightened the life out of me. 爆炸吓得我魂不附体。

10. admission n. 允许进入;入场费;承认

admission为名词，意为“准许进入，准许加入;入场费，会费;承认，招认”。

No admission. 禁止入内。

Admission by ticket only. 凭票入场。

Admission to the concert costs ￡5. 音乐会的入场券是五英镑一张。

He is a thief of his own admission. 他自己承认他是小偷。

【相关词组】 by / on sb.'s own admission据某人自己承认;gain / obtain admission to获准进入

【思维拓展】 动词admit意为“允许;承认，准许进入”，可用于以下句型：

admit+n. / pron. / doing承认……;admit sb. to / into允许某人进入;admit+宾语+to do sth. 承认……;admit that-clause承认……;It is admitted that... 据认……

The young man went straight to the office to admit his fault. 这个年轻人直接跑到办公室来认错。

He admitted to me that he was wrong. 他向我承认他是错误的。

My sister was admitted to / into Beijing Unvisity last autumn. 我妹妹去年秋季被北大录取了。

He admitted having done wrong. 他承认做了错事。

I admitted myself to be wrong. 我承认自己错了。

He admitted that he had stolen the purse. 他承认偷了钱包。

It is generally admitted that the moon is a world where utter silence prevails.  月球是一个寂静无声的世界，这一点是大家所公认的。

【巩固练习】

I. 单句语法填空。

1. In the past few decades Chinese has become more and more popular worldwide for __   __（vary） reasons.

2. No wonder ______ the Chinese workers can complete the mobile cabin hospitals so quickly.

3. What is the ______ （long） of the Yellow River？

4. Zhong Nanshan， whose name is familiar

______ us， is expert at handling the crisises of the public health.

5. Being your own boss is one of the ______（attract） of owning your own business.

6. It is reported that their system ______（model） upon one used in Chinese hospitals.

7. The  ______ （preserve） of our cultural heritage is becoming more and more urgent.

8. You can either have the double room or the family room， ______ you want.

9. Some of my classmates are learning ______ （advance） English online.

10. You must admit the task ______ （be） difficult and tough.

II. 单项选择。

1. At minus 130℃， a living cell can be ______ for a thousand years.

A. spared    B. protected

C. preserved  D. developed

2. He asked me to arrange everything in ______， putting the largest first， then the next， and so on.

A. return    B. advance

C. detail    D. order

3. More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great ______ of goods.

A. variety    B. mixture

C. extension    D. combination

4. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ______ the season.

A. whatever    B. wherever

C. whenever    D. however

5. In order to have a slim （苗條的） and ______ figure （身材）， many ladies are getting different kinds of exercise.

A. valuable    B. attractive

C. brief    D. common

6. While I have had ______ large collection of ancient coins， the coin that he showed to me the other day is still ______ great attraction to me.

A. a; /    B. a; a

C. a; the    D. the; the