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2020-10-29曲永华

考试与评价·八年级版 2020年2期
关键词:原形晚辈情态

曲永华

常言道:良言一句三冬暖,恶语伤人六月寒。什么叫高情商呢?就是会说话、会办事。说起话来让人听起来舒服,做起事来让人感到温暖。你想做一名高情商、会说话办事的人吗?那么就跟我一起学习吧!看看情态动词could到底如何使用。

一、情态动词could的用法

1. can 的过去式;

2. 礼貌地请求;

3. 提出建议;

4. 表推测。

二、提出礼貌的请求

1. Could you +动词原形+...?

2. Could you please+动词原形+...?

意为“请你做……好吗?”,句型2比句型1语气更加委婉。

肯定回答:Yes, sure. / Sure. / Of course. / No problem.

否定回答:Sorry. / Sorry, I can't.

—Could you please close the window? 请你关上窗户好吗?

—I'm afraid not. 恐怕不行。

其否定结构为:Could you (please) not do...?

三、表示请求许可

1. could表示请求允许,其句型结构为:

Could I / we +动词原形+...?意为“请问我(们)能做……吗?”

肯定回答:Sure. / Of course. / No problem.

否定回答:I'm sorry... / Sorry, you can't.

特别提示:在以上句子结构中情态动词could不是can的过去式,而是用来表示委婉语气的,后跟动词原形。

Could I come in? 我可以进来吗?

2. 另外,用Could I...时,表示请求对方准许,对方回答时不能用could,而要用can。

肯定回答:Certainly. / Of course. / With pleasure. / No problem. / Sure. / Yes, you can.

否定回答:I'm afraid not. / No, I'm afraid you can't. / No, you can't.

—Could I use your bicycle? 我可以用你的自行车吗?

—Yes, you can. 是的,可以。

四、could与can的区别

could与can都是情态动词,could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求,但是用法不同:

1. can表示一般性的请求,语气随便,常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈、上级对下级的场合。

Can you tell us your story, Tony? 你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗,托尼?

2. could表示有礼貌地请求,语气委婉,常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈、下级对上级的场合。

—Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia? 你能告诉我们澳大利亚冬天是否下雪吗?

—Sure. 当然可以。

【考题链接】

一、单项选择。

1. —___ I close the window? It's cold here.

—Yes, sure.

A. MustB. Will

C. CouldD. Would

2. —Could I bring a friend to your birthday party?

—Sure, ___.

A. no problem   B. not at all

C. my pleasure   D. well done

3. —Could you please sweep the floor? I'm going to cook dinner.

—___.

A. I'm afraid not   B. I hope so

C. That's all right   D. With pleasure

4. —Could I borrow your bike, please?

—___.

A. Of course you can

B. It doesn't matter

C. Yes, I'd love to

D. No, thank you

5. —Could you please do the dishes?

—___. I'm busy with my homework.

A. Yes, you can   B. Yes, I can

C. Sorry, you can't D. Sorry, I can't

二、按要求完成下列句子,每空一詞。

1. Could you please pass me the salt? (改为否定句)

Could you please ___ ___ me the salt?

2. —Could you please clean the living room?

(作否定回答)

—___, I ___.

3. How about going out for lunch with Jack? (用could改写句子)

___ we ___ ___ for lunch with Jack?

三、根据每小题后的提示语回答下面的问题。

1. Q: Could you please clean your room?

(Sorry / do the dishes)

A: ________________

2. Q: Could I stay out late?

(No / babysit your sister)

A: ________________

3. Q: Could you please make your bed?

(Yes / sure)

A: ________________

4. Q: Could I use your bicycle?

(No / need it today)

A: ________________

5. Q: Could you please take out the trash?

(Sorry / practice the piano)

A: ________________

四、根据汉语意思完成英语句子,每空一词。

1. ——请问我能用一下你的自行车吗?

——不,你不能。我得骑车外出。

—___ I ___ your bike?

—No, you ___. I have to go out.

2. ——当你5岁时,你会跳舞吗?

——不能。

—___ ___ ___ when you were

five years old?

—___, I ___.

3. ——我能在這儿唱歌吗?

——对不起,你不能。

—___ ___ sing here?

—___ ___, you can't.

4. 请递给我那支钢笔好吗?

___ ___ ___ ___ me that pen?

5. ——请你帮我洗衣服好吗?

——对不起,我不能。我必须去上学。

—Could you please help me wash the clothes?

—___, ___ ___. I have to go to school.

五、仔细观察例句,然后判断哪些句子表示请求,哪些句子表示请求允许(Write R for requests and P for permission)。

1. Could you please clean your room?

2. Could you take out the rubbish?

3. Could you please take the dog for a walk?

4. Could I use your computer?

5. Could we get something to drink after the movie?

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