Unit 3词汇要点讲解

李紫薇

1. rubbish n. 垃圾;废物

Lin Tao takes out the rubbish to the dustbin every day. 林涛每天把垃圾倒进垃圾箱。

【拓展】 litter， waste， garbage， trash， junk， rubbish均含“废物，垃圾”之意。

（1） litter指公共场所乱丢物品的总称，如：纸片、塑料袋、饮料瓶、易拉罐等。

（2） waste指“废物，垃圾”的总称，指任何被丢弃的东西。

（3） garbage和trash意思相近，既指垃圾，也指没有价值的东西，trash也可指人。

（4） junk指老旧过时的破烂物件，只是没有扔掉。

（5） rubbish为普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆，也可作引申用。

2. lend vt. 把……借給;贷（款）;贡献，给予

—Can I borrow your bike？ 我能借你的自行车吗？

—Sorry， I lent it to Tom just now. 抱歉，我刚刚借给汤姆了。

【拓展】 lend & borrow

lend指“借出”，与to 连用。

He lent his bike to me last week. 他上星期把自行车借给了我。

borrow指“借入”，与from 连用。

I borrowed a bike from him last week. 上星期我向他借了一辆自行车。

3. develop v. 发展;发育;开发

China can not develop without the world. 中国的发展离不开世界。

【拓展】 developing adj. 发展中的;developed adj. 发展过的;发达的;development n. 生长，发展

China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。

The company developed rapidly under his administration. 在他的管理下，公司发展得很快。

This is an important stage in our country's development. 这是我国发展的重要阶段。

4. provide vt. & vi. 提供，供给，供应

We provide nice food for them. They were very happy. 我们为他们提供美味的食物，他们非常高兴。

【拓展】 （1） provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb. 向某人提供某物。

Our parents are willing to provide money and food for us students. 父母愿意为我们学生提供钱和食物。

=Our parents are willing to provide us students with money and food.

（2） offer也表示“提供”，但结构有所不同，常用于offer sb. sth. 或者offer sth. to sb. 结构中，意为“为某人提供某物”。

The government offered the flooded area a lot of food and clothes. 政府为灾区提供了许多食物和衣服。

=The government offered a lot of food and clothes to the flooded area.

5. neither adv. 也不pron. 两者都不adj. 两者都不的

For one week， she did not do any housework and neither did I. 有一个星期，她什么家务都不做，我也是。

【拓展】 neither did I是“Neither / nor+助动词 / be动词 / 情态动词+主语”结构，表示前者所描述的否定情况同样适用于后者，neither在此用作副词，表示“也不”。

—I don't like this dress. 我不喜欢这条裙子。

—Neither do I. 我也不喜欢。

Neither team is doing well. 两个队表现得都不好。

6. while conj. 虽然;然而;当……的时候

I'll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. 你帮我洗碗，我来做作业。

【拓展】 when和while引导时间状语从句均表示“当……时候”，when既可以指“时间点”，与瞬间动词连用，也可以指“时间段”，与延续性动词连用（=while）。while表示时间段，因此，while从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词，as强调两个动作同时发生，表示“一边……一边……”。

When he came in， his mother was cooking. 他进来的时候，他妈妈正在做饭。

Please don't talk so loud while others are working.别人工作的时候请不要这么大声说话。

When / While we were at school， we went to the library every day. 当我们在学校时，我们每天都去图书馆。

7. depend vi. 依赖，依靠;取决于;相信，信赖

We shouldn't always depend on our parents. 我们不应该总是依赖父母。

【拓展】 depend on / upon意为“取决于……;由……决定;依靠”。

You can accept or refuse the gift. It depends on your personal choice. 你可以接受或拒绝礼物，这取决于你个人的选择。

8. since prep. 自从;在…之后 conj. 自从……以来;自从……以后;因为;既然 adv. 从此;后来

He has studied very hard since he came to our school. 自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。

Since this method doesn't work， let's try another. 既然这种方法不行，我们就试用另一种吧。

【拓展】 since 用法小结

（1） since作为介词

He left the village in 1982 and I haven't seen him since then. 1982年他离开这个村子，从那以后我再没见过他。

（2） since作为副词

He left home two weeks ago and we haven't heard from him since. 他两周前离开了家，到现在我们一直没有他的消息。

（3） since作为连词

He didn't come since he was busy. 他因为忙，所以没有来。

（4） since引导时间状语从句

He has studied very hard since he came to our school. 自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。

（5） since在固定句型中

“It is / has been+時间+since+持续性动词的过去时”表示“自从……以来到现在已有多久”。

It has been quite some time since I was last in London. 我上次离开伦敦至今颇有一段时间了。

“It was+时间+since+持续性动词的过去完成时”表示“从……到过去某时间点以来”。

It was three years since we had been here. 那时我们在这儿已呆了三年。

9. as soon as

as soon as表示“一……就……”。

My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV. 我一坐到电视机前，妈妈就过来了。

【温馨提示】 as soon as引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，要遵从“主将从现”的原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。

I will go as soon as she arrives. 她一到我就走。

10. in order to

in order to意为“为了……”，后面跟动词不定式，作目的状语。in order to可位于句中或者句首。

He got up earlier in order to get to school on time. 为了准时到校，他起得很早。

【拓展】 in order not to do sth. 意为“为了不做某事”。

In order not to make his mother angry， he decided to give up playing computer games. 为了不惹妈妈生气，他决定放弃玩电脑游戏。

【随堂检测】

一、根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。

1. My teacher asks us to s___ the floor of our classroom every day.

2. He often helps his mother do the d___ after dinner at home.

3. My father often takes out the r___ to the dustbin when he goes to work every morning.

4. Mother will be angry to find the house in such a m___.

5. The teacher is teaching the children to f_  _ the paper planes.

二、根据句意及汉语提示补全单词。

1. Our country is ___ （发展） at a high speed.

2. We ___ （供应） nice food for them. They were very happy.

3. The ___ （压力） of her job caused her to lose sleep.

4. ___ （不管怎样）， you must finish it today.

5. ___ （既然） you have come here， please sit down and have a drink.

三、用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。

help out， depend on， get a ride， go to the movies， clean the living room

1. It's unfair just to ___ one person to do the work.

2. Sandy likes ___ with her friends in her free time because the movies can make her relaxed.

3. After ___， I began to clean up the kitchen together with my younger brother.

4. There was something wrong with my car. I wanted to ___.

5. I had difficulty with the three things. I hoped you could ___ with them.