走进“there be”王国

王桂馨

一、there be结构用法归纳

there be结构表示“有”，其确切含义是“存在”，表示“某地（时）有某物（人）”。如：

There is a desk in the bedroom. 卧室里有一张书桌。

There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。

1. there be结构中的there 是引导词，没有实际意义，主语是be后的名词。其中be的形式随名词来确定：主语是单数或不可数名词时用is;主语是复数名词时用are。如：

There is a purse here. 这里有一个钱包。

There is some money in the purse. 钱包里有一些钱。

There are 48 students in Class Eight. 八班有48个学生。

2. there be结构中，不论作主语的名词有几个，be动词只与第一个名词保持数上的一致，这被称为“就近原则”。如：

There is a teacher and many students in the computer room. 电脑房里有一位老师和许多学生。

There are two cards and some money in the box. 箱子里有两张卡片和一些钱。

3. there be结构表示“某处有某物（人）”，强调存在，并不特指某物是谁的，因此作主语的名词前常用表示泛指的a， an， some， any， many， much， a lot of， a few， a little等词或数词修饰，而不用定冠词、物主代词、指示代詞来修饰。如：

There is a bag on the bed. It is hers.

4. there be结构中的时间和地点状语通常置于句末，但强调时间或地点时，也可置于句首。如：

On this floor there is a reading room. 在这层楼上有一个阅览室。（强调在这层楼上）

This afternoon there is an English class. 今天下午有一节英语课。（强调今天下午）

二、there be结构句子形式

1. there be结构的否定形式是在be后加上not，如果句中有some，要改为any。如：

There is a big library in our school. →There is not a big library in our school.

2. there be结构的一般疑问句形式是把be动词提到句首，即“Is there...？”或“Are there...？”，肯定答语用“Yes， there is / are”，否定答语用“No， there isnt / arent.”，如果句中有some，要改为any。如：

There are some girls behind the house. →Are there any girls behind the house？ Yes， there are. / No， there arent.

3. there be结构的特殊疑问句形式是“疑问词+一般疑问句？”。

对主语提问通常用what，省去引导词there。即用句型“what is + 地点状语？”。如：

There are some books on the desk. →What is on the desk？

对数量提问用“How many+复数名词+are there +其他？” 对不可数名词前的数量提问用“How much+不可数名词+is there+其他？”如：

There is a tree in the garden.→How many trees are there in the garden？

There is some milk in the cup.→How much milk is there in the cup？

注意： has / have也表示“有”，在表示所属或部分关系时，可以和there be句型相互转换。如：

There is a big playground in our school.

→ Our school has a big playground.

但是，一定不能把have和there be两者混用。如：

误：There has a small park near my school.

正：There is a small park near my school.

【例题解析】

1. There  a large bowl of jiaozi on the

table.

A. is    B. are    C. be

【解析】 A。a large bowl of jiaozi意为“一大碗饺子”，是可数名词单数形式，故用is。

2. —Lucy， there  too many things on the desk. What a mess！

—Sorry， Mum. Ill put them away.

A. have  B. is    C. are

【解析】 C。too many things意为“许多东西”，是可数名词复数形式，故用are。

3. —Whats in the picture on the wall？

—There  a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.

A. has  B. are  C. is    D. have

【解析】 C。There be结构中，不论作主语的名词有几个，be动词只与第一个名词保持数上的一致。根据就近原则，a teacher是可数名词单数形式，故用is。

【牛刀小试】

I. 选择填空。

1. There  a picture on the wall.

A. am  B. is    C. are D. has

2. There  a book， two pens and some pencils in the box.

A. have B. are    C. is    D. be

3. There  three boys near the window.

A. is    B. be    C. has    D. are

4.  any trees in your new school？

A. There is    B. Is there

C. There are    D. Are there

5. —How many students  in your class？

—There are forty students in my class.

A. are there    B. there are

C. is there    D. there is

6. —Whats on the wall？

— three pictures on it.

A. There are    B. There is

C. Are there    D. Is there

II. 完成句子。

1. There is some water in the cup. （改為否定句）

There   water in the cup.

2. There are some old boxes in the room. （改为单数形式）

There   old box in the room.

3. There is an English teacher there. （改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）

an English teacher there？  No，  .

4. There is an American student in our class. （对划线部分提问）

American   there in your class？

5. There is a big desk in front of the black- board. （对划线部分提问）

in front of the blackboard？