中学生英语写作能力的研究与实践探索

江美云

【摘要】在初中英语教学中，如何做到突破教学难点，有效地提高初中生写好英语作文的能力？笔者认为，首先要让学生明白英语书面表达评分标准，明规矩而后有方圆;其次要教会学生写好英语作文的一般技巧，利其器而后善其事，掌握英语作文“审、列、整、加、连、美”六字技巧;最后辅之以多读多练多改多用。

【关键词】英语教学;书面表达;评分标准;六字技巧

在初中英语教学中，书面表达既是教学的重点，也是教学的难点。在英语学习中，学生最怕的恐怕就是书面表达了。因此，如何在教学中有效地突出重点，突破难点，是很值得每一位英语教师去探讨的课题。在当前的教育形势下，深入分析并指导初中生写好英语作文则是促进初中英语教学质量提升的重要手段，如何有效地提高初中生英语写作的能力呢？笔者谈谈这两年在这方面做的一些尝试与实践。

一、让学生明白英语书面表达评分标准

“无规矩不成方圆”，不明白评分标准，则不知道文章的得失。要让学生写好作文，首先得让学生明白英语书面表达的评分标准，让学生有目标着手写作。

总评：书面表达总分15分，要点分为7分，语言分为8分，这是根据河源市贫困山区学生的实际情况为提高学生学习英语的积极性和鼓励学生大胆写作而定的评分标准。在这个标准下，哪怕学生写出中国式的英语也可以得分，如果文章要点齐全而且表达的意思不会有歧义的话，可得到7分;另外在语言分8分里，一个错误扣0.5分，重复错误不扣分。假设A同学按照书面表达要求写全要点得7分，出现8个错误扣4分，语言分这一块还有4分，那么A同学的作文最后得分是11分。这种评分标准，大大地激起了学生的学习欲望和写作兴趣。

细评：

第一档：（13-15分） 审题正确，要点齐全;句式多样词汇丰富;语言准确，语意连贯，表达清楚，具有逻辑性。

第二档：（9-12分） 审题正确，要点齐全;语言基本通顺，语意基本连贯，表达基本清楚;虽然有少量语法错误，但不影响整体理解。

第三档：（7-8分）审题正确，要点齐全;语法结构和词汇错误较多，语言不够通顺，表达不够清楚，但不影响要点的理解。

第四档：（4-6分）与题目有关内容不多，只是简单拼凑词语或列出有要点，要点不齐全，语法错误多，句子不够通顺。

第五档：（0-3分） 照抄原文，所写内容难以理解，只是简单拼凑词语。

二、教会学生书面表达的写作技巧

欲善其事，先利其器，让学生明白评分标准后，接着让他们掌握必要的写作技巧。书面表达写作技巧归纳总结如下六字：审、列、整、加、连、美。

1.审：審清题干中的人称、时态、体裁和内容。

2.列：根据写作内容列出要点。

3.整：整理列出的短语和句子，使之语法正确，意思通顺。

4.加：加上文章的开头和结尾。

5.连：恰当运用关联词连接句段，使文章层次清晰。

6.美：选好词好句、谚语等来美化文章。

三、实践操练

For example：

话题一  个人情况

每个人心中都有偶像，不同的人对待偶像的态度也各不相同。有些人模仿偶像的一切，有些人则从偶像身上汲取营养，学习优点。请以“My idol”为题，写一篇英语短文。内容包括：

1.你的偶像是谁？

2.你为什么崇拜他/她？

3.你从他/她的身上学到了哪些可贵的品质（至少两点）？

作文要求：

1.不能照抄原文;不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和学生的真实姓名。

2.语句连贯，词数80个左右。

写作技巧：

1.审：

人称：第三人称单数;时态：一般现在时为主;体裁：夹叙夹议;内容：题干中的三点：（1）你的偶像是谁？（2）你为什么崇拜他/她？（3）你从他/她的身上学到了哪些可贵的品质（至少两点）？

2.列：将第一步审的内容要点列出来

（1）Yuan Long ping

（2）devoted agricultural education and research

can speak English well，play the violin ，sing and swim

（3）keep on working hard without stopping.（锲而不舍）

work in a down -to -earth way.（脚踏实地）

3.整：将第二步列的内容要点整理成句子（主谓宾/表）。

My idol is Yuan Long ping .

Because he devoted agricultural education and research.

He can speak English well，play the violin ，sing and swim.

I have learned a lot from him .

He is keeping on working hard without stopping.

He works s in a down -to -earth way.

4.加：给文章加上开头和结尾。

首：Maybe everyone has own idol，so do I .My idol is Yuan Long ping .

Because he  devoted agricultural education and research .

He can speak English well，play the violin ，sing and swim.

I have learned a lot from him .

He is keeping on working hard without stopping.

He works s in a down -to -earth way.

尾 ：I want to be a person like him when I grow up .

5.连：用not only...but also...，First ， Second等关联词去连接句子。

Maybe everyone has own idol，so do I .My idol is Yuan Long ping .

Because he not only devoted agricultural education and research but also can speak English well，play the violin ，sing and swim.

I have learned a lot from him . First ，he is keeping on working hard without stopping. Second，he works s in a down -to -earth way.

I want to be a person like him when I grow up .

6.美：利用定语从句去美化文章的开头和结尾，首尾呼应;最后用一句谚语来总结全文。

Maybe everyone has own idol，so do I .My idol is Yuan Long ping who is named “Father of hybrid rice.”He is very popular with people all over the world.

I like him very much because he not only devoted agricultural education and research  but also can speak English well，play the violin ，sing and swim，I have learned a lot from him. First，he is keeping on working hard without stopping.Second，he works s in a down -to -earth way.

when I grow up，I want to be a person like him who always sets a good example for the young.I believe where there is a will，there is a way.

話题二  家庭、朋友与周围的人

朋友在我们的生活中十分重要，他们总是陪伴着我们。当我们快乐的时候，他们同我们一起快乐;当我们伤心的时候，他们想办法逗我们开心。你最好的朋友是谁？请你以“My Best Friend”为题写一篇短文，内容包括：

1.你的好朋友是谁，他/她有什么特点？

2.描述一件发生在你们之间的事情。

3.呼吁大家珍惜朋友。

作文要求：

1.不能照抄原文;不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和学生的真实姓名。

2.语句连贯，词数80 个左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。

写作技巧：

1.审：

人称：第三人称单数;时态：一般现在时和一般过去时;体裁：夹叙夹议;内容：（1）你的好朋友是谁，他/她有什么特点？（2）描述一件发生在你们之间的事情。（3）呼吁大家珍惜朋友。

2.列：将第一步审的内容要点列出来

（1）Mary  beautiful  kind-hearted helpful

（2）have an English test

want to copy her paper，want to get good grades，

refuse，be angry with sb，be patient to do sth，help sb with/do sth.

（3）value friends

3.整：将第二步列的内容要点整理成句子（主谓宾/表）。

My best friend is Mary .She is beautiful and kind-hearted.She is always helpful.

One day，I had an English test，I wanted to get good grades，I wanted to copy her paper .She refused.I was angry with her .I didn't talk with her .She offered to say sorry to me .She was patient to help me with English.I was moved .I was thankful to her .

We should value our friends .

4.加：给文章加上开头和结尾。

首：Friends are very important in our life. They are always with us. My best friend is Mary .She is beautiful and kind-hearted.She is always helpful.

One day，I had an English test，I wanted to get good grades，I wanted to copy her paper .She refused.I was angry with her .I didn't talk with her .She offered to say sorry to me .She was patient to help me with English.I was moved .I was thankful to her .

尾：Friendship is the best thing in our life.We should value our friends.

5.连：用in order to，but，the next day，so …that…，since then等關联词去连接句子。

Friends are very important in our life. They are always with us. My best friend is Mary .She is beautiful and kind-hearted.She is always helpful.

One day，I had an English test.In order to get good grades，I wanted to copy her paper.But she refused.I was so angry with her that I didn't talk with her.The next day，she offered to say sorry to me .She was patient to help me with English.I was so moved that I was thankful to her.

Friendship is the best thing in our life.We should value our friends .

6.美：用定语从句、谚语去美化文章。

Friends are very important in our life that are always with us. My best friend Mary who is a beautiful and kind -hearted girl and always ready to help those who are in need.

One day， I had an English test，I wanted to copy her paper to get good grades，but she refused.I was so angry that I didn't talk with her .The next day，she offered to say sorry to me and was patient to help me with English.I was so moved that I was thankful to her. Since then，we became good friends.

A friend in need is a friend indeed.The best thing in our life that is friendship. we should value our friends.

通过教会学生掌握“审、列、整、加、连、美”六字写作技巧，学生的英语写作兴趣和写作能力大大提高，有效地突破了英语教学的难点。当然，要写好作文的前提是得教会学生掌握好初中英语的五种简单的基本句型。俗话说：“读书破万卷，下笔如有神。”英语写作总的来说脱离不了阅读和练习的范畴，只有多读多写多练多改多用，才能提高英语写作能力。