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西那卡塞联合骨化三醇对血液透析继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者的疗效观察

2020-10-13范佳妮林明增陈璐

中国现代医生 2020年24期
关键词:西那卡塞三醇骨化

范佳妮 林明增 陈璐

[摘要] 目的 探討西那卡塞联合骨化三醇对血液透析继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者的疗效。 方法 选取2017年1月~2019年1月在我院行血液透析继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者64例,随机分为观察组与对照组各32例。两组患者继续予以维持性透析治疗,对照组予以骨化三醇治疗,观察组在此治疗基础上加西那卡塞治疗。两组均连用3个月,检测两组治疗前后血清钙、血清磷、全段甲状旁腺激素水平及甲状旁腺体积,并评估其临床疗效及不良反应。 结果 治疗3个月后两组血清磷与全段甲状旁腺激素水平均较前明显下降,血清钙水平均较前明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),且观察组变化幅度较对照组更显著(P<0.05);两组甲状旁腺长、宽、厚及体积均较前明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),且观察组下降幅度较对照组更显著(P<0.05)。观察组临床治疗总有效率明显高于对照组(χ2=4.272,P<0.05)。观察组和对照组不良反应发生率分别为12.50%(4/32)和6.25%(2/32),症状均较轻,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.180,P>0.05)。 结论 西那卡塞联合骨化三醇治疗血液透析继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者的临床效果确切,安全性较好,能明显降低甲状旁腺激素水平及甲状旁腺体积,改善钙磷代谢紊乱。

[关键词] 血液透析患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进;骨化三醇;西那卡塞;全段甲状旁腺激素

[中图分类号] R459.5          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2020)24-0116-04

[Abstract] Objective To explore the efficacy of cinacalcet combined with calcitriol on patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism during hemodialysis. Methods 64 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism who underwent hemodialysis in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 32 cases in each group. Both groups continued to undergo maintenance dialysis, while the control group was treated with calcitriol, and the observation group was treated with cinacalcet on the basis of this treatment. Both groups were treated continuously for 3 months. Serum calcium, serum phosphorus, whole parathyroid hormone levels and parathyroid volume were measured before and after treatment in both groups, and their clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated. Results After 3 months of treatment, the levels of serum phosphorus and whole parathyroid hormone in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment. Serum calcium level was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the change in the observation group was more significant than that in the control group(P<0.05); the length, width, thickness and volume of parathyroid glands in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the decline in the observation group was more significant than that in the control group(P<0.05). The total effective rate of clinical treatment in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(χ2=4.272, P<0.05). The incidences of adverse reactions in the observation group and the control group were 12.50%(4/32) and 6.25% (2/32), respectively, and the symptoms were both mild, and the differences were not statistically significant(χ2=0.180, P>0.05). Conclusion The clinical effect of cinacalcet combined with calcitriol in the treatment of patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism during hemodialysis is definite and safe. It can significantly reduce parathyroid hormone levels and parathyroid volume, and improve calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders.

[Key words] Secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients; Calcitriol; Cinacalcet; Full-parathyroid hormone

血液透析是治疗慢性肾脏疾病终末期的首选治疗方案,但长期透析可能导致出现一系列并发症,其中继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进较常见[1-3]。继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进一旦出现,如不及时干预治疗,会增加患者的心血管风险,死亡率较高[4]。西那卡塞是一种钙受体激动剂,可以抑制甲状旁腺的增生,减少全段甲状旁腺激素的分泌,改善血清钙及血清磷的水平,达到“可逆性化学切除甲状旁腺”的目的[5]。骨化三醇是活性最强的1,25-二羟代谢物,能促进肠道钙的吸收和形成新的成骨细胞,从而促使骨的吸收,但骨化三醇与西那卡塞联合用于血液透析患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进国内报道较少[6]。本研究观察了西那卡塞联合骨化三醇对血液透析患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的疗效,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2017年1月~2019年1月在我院就诊的血液透析继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者共64例。纳入标准[7]:(1)透析龄>6个月,透析频率3次/周;(2)全段甲状旁腺激素水平>7.3 pmol/L,且经超声检查发现甲状旁腺无结节形成,符合中华医学会肾脏病学分会制定的继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的诊断标准[8]。排除标准[9]:(1)2周内未使用维生素D制剂或影响骨代谢的药物;(2)预期寿命<6个月;(3)伴有严重的心脑血管并发症。采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各32例,两组性别、年龄、透析时间、原发病类型等比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。见表1。

1.2 方法

两组患者继续予以维持性透析治疗(采用德国费森尤斯透析机,聚砜膜透析器,面积1.5 m2,透析液Ca2+浓度为1.5 mmol/L,血流量200~260 mL/min,应用低分子肝素抗凝,超滤量设定为5%,透析3次/周,单次时间4 h)。对照组予以骨化三醇注射液(Abbott Laboratories Limited,规格:1 mL/1 μg)(0.5~1)μg/次,全段甲状旁腺激素水平600~1000 pg/mL时,骨化三醇注射液1 μg/次,全段甲状旁腺激素水平>1000 pg/mL时,骨化三醇注射液(1~1.5)μg/次。观察组在此治疗的基础上加用盐酸西那卡塞片(协和发酵麒麟制药有限公司,规格:25 mg),初始剂量25 mg/d,根据血钙水平调节用量,血钙>2.1 mmol/L,增加药物剂量25 mg/d;血钙1.9~2.1 mmol/L,维持原药物剂量;血钙<1.9 mmol/L,停药补钙至2.1 mmol/L再给药,最大剂量75 mg/d。两组均连用3个月,检测两组治疗前后血清钙、血清磷、全段甲状旁腺激素水平及甲状旁腺体积,并评估其临床疗效及不良反应。

1.3 观察指标

1.3.1 血清钙、磷及全段甲状旁腺激素水平检测  取空腹静脉血约3~5 mL,3000 r/min离心10 min取血清。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)檢测血清钙、血清磷及全段甲状旁腺激素水平,试剂盒由北京荣志海达生物科技有限公司提供。

1.3.2 甲状旁腺体积测量  彩色多普勒超声仪器使用Vivid9超声诊断仪器(美国GE公司),检测甲状旁腺厚度、宽度和长度,计算其体积。

1.3.3 疗效评价[10]  显效:治疗后甲状旁腺激素水平下降≥75%;有效:治疗后甲状腺旁腺激素水平下降≥25%且<75%;无效:治疗后甲状旁腺激素水平下降<25%或出现升高。总有效包括显效和有效。

1.3.4 不良反应  观察患者治疗期间出现的与药物有关的不良事件,包括胃肠道反应、肌肉疼痛和血压升高等。

1.4 统计学处理

应用SPSS19.0统计学软件进行分析,计量资料以(x±s)表示,采用t检验;计数资料以[n(%)]表示,采用χ2检验,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组治疗前后血清钙、血清磷及全段甲状旁腺激素水平比较

治疗前两组血清钙、血清磷及全段甲状旁腺激素水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗3个月后两组血清磷与全段甲状旁腺激素水平均较前明显下降,血清钙水平均较前明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),且观察组变化幅度较对照组更显著(P<0.05)。见表2。

2.2 两组治疗前后甲状旁腺体积比较

治疗前两组甲状旁腺长、宽、厚及体积比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗3个月后两组甲状旁腺长、宽、厚及体积均较前明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),且观察组下降幅度较对照组更显著(P<0.05)。见表3。

2.3 两组治疗后疗效比较

治疗3个月后观察组临床治疗总有效率明显高于对照组(χ2=4.272,P<0.05)。见表4。

2.4 两组不良反应比较

治疗期间观察组不良反应发生率为12.50%(4/32),其中胃肠道反应2例、肌肉疼痛和血压升高各1例;对照组发生率为6.25%(2/32),其中胃肠道反应和肌肉疼痛各1例。上述症状均较轻,未影响患者继续用药。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.180,P>0.05)。

3 讨论

近年来,随着糖尿病和高血压等基础疾病发病率的增加,慢性肾病患者逐年增多,慢性肾病终末期常需要透析治疗[10]。继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进是维持性血液透析最常见的并发症之一,有研究显示约70%的慢性肾病晚期患者会出现继发性的甲状旁腺功能亢进[11]。这是由于维持性血液透析患者常处于高磷、低钙、低维生素D活性的状态,而此类患者钙磷代谢的紊乱和甲状旁腺激素抵抗的增加会刺激甲状旁腺亢进、增生,导致继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的发生。患者一旦出现甲状旁腺功能亢进会造成体内电解质紊乱、骨骼损害及心脑血管钙化等多系统损害疾病,患者会出现贫血、皮肤瘙痒和神经系统损害等临床症状,严重者会危及患者生命[12-14]。

[13] Si L,Winzenberg TM,Jiang Q,et al.Projection of osteoporosis-related factures and costs in China:2010-2050[J].Ostcoporos Int,2015,12(26):1929-1937.

[14] 于泽莺,阿丽娅,金鑫.骨化三醇注射液治疗血液透析患者难治继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的临床观察[J].新疆医学,2016,46(7):800-802.

[15] 谢后雨.冲击剂量阿法骨化醇胶丸治疗血液透析继发甲状旁腺功能亢进的疗效分析[J].当代医学,2016,22(35):166-167.

[16] 袁芳,陈星,王畅,等.西那卡塞联合小剂量骨化三醇治疗重度继发性甲状腺旁腺功能亢进的效果及其骨代谢的影响[J].中南大学学报(医学版),2017,42(10):1169-1173.

[17] Tentori F,Wang M,Bieber BA,et a1.Recent changes in therapeutic approaches and association with outcomesa mong patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism on chronic hemodialysis:The DOPPS study[J].Clin J Am Soc Nephml,2015,10(1):98-109.

[18] Alharthi AA,Kamal NM,Abukhatwah MW,et a1.Cinacalcet in pediatric and adolescent chronic kidney disease:A single-center experience[J].Medicine(Baltimore),2015,94(2):e401.

[19] 周凌輝,张恒远,裴娟,等.长疗程西那卡塞治疗维持性血液透析患者难治性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的临床观察[J].中国全科医学,2018,21(8):989-992.

[20] Nagano N,Tsutsui T,Pharmacological characteristics of drugs targeted on calcium-sensing receptor-properties of cinacalcet hydrochloride as allosteric modulator[J].Clin Calcium,2016,26(6):839-850.

[21] Moe SM,Abdalla S,Chertow GM,et al.Effects of cinacalcet on fracture events in patients receiving hemodialysis:the evolve trial[J].J Am Soc Nephrol,2015,26(6):1466-1475.

(收稿日期:2019-09-24)

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