The Thirty-Six Stratagems in Primary English Classes

【Abstract】“Thirty-six” is the essence of our ancient war strategy， is a military strategy treasure， its thought has penetrated into all fields of production and life. Class is like a battlefield， the teacher is the general and the student is the soldier. Teachers need to use various strategies to enable students to acquire knowledge efficiently to become the winner in the war. The situation on the battlefield is changing， and all sorts of schemes are derived. Similarly， the teaching conditions， contents and objects of education should be different， and different methods should be used to deal with different educational problems. Thus， “Thirty-six” can be used well in class. Take the educational purpose as the baton， skillfully unifies each kind of education teaching means， guides the student to play the subjective initiative， the teacher and student fight side by side， imperceptibly， persevere， strives for this war final victory！

【Key words】thirty six stratagems; English class; instructional design

【作者簡介】杨洋，江苏省宿迁市泗洪县东风小学。

In primary school English classroom teaching， it includes many teaching links， such as warm-up link， introduction link， new class presentation link， classroom practice and assignment arrangement link. Therefore， to improve the effectiveness of teaching， teachers should combine teaching content with teaching objectives and students cognitive characteristics to optimize the design of each link， so as to enhance the effectiveness of classroom teaching. Coordinating one stratagem with another to enrich each link， so that the whole classroom linked together.

1. Warm-up

Advancing secretly by an unknown path.

A good beginning is half the battle. Warm-up is the initial link in English class， is the first link of dialogue teaching， can attract students to English learning.

The first step is to review. In the course of teaching， teachers can flexibly choose some of the ways they like， such as objects， cards， slides， animations， simple strokes and performances， according to content of teaching and the physical and mental characteristics of primary school students， so as to better stimulate students interest in English learning. On the one hand， stimulate students learning motivation， on the other hand， help students to review the old content， establish a link between the old and new knowledge， in order to introduce the old and new， reduce the difficulty of teaching. Nevertheless， time should be appropriate benefits， should not be too long， generally within five minutes.

2. Lead-in

Giving the enemy something to induce him to lose more valuable things.

The introduction is the way teachers guide students into learning when a new teaching content or teaching activity begins. Classroom introduction is that teachers use concise language or auxiliary action to open the prologue of a class， and what is more， entering the process of classroom teaching subject. In English teaching， the commonly used methods of introduction are： situation introduction， story introduction， game introduction， review introduction， problem introduction， music introduction and so on， which requires teachers to choose flexibly according to the actual teaching. In the actual teaching， sometimes the warm-up link and the introduction link will be integrated into one link. In this way， both warm-up activities and the introduction of new classes， and create a good learning atmosphere， pave the way for the presentation of the next teaching content.

3. Presentation

Creating something out of nothing.

You use the same feint twice. Having reacted to the first and often the second feint as well， the enemy will be hesitant to react to a third feint. Consequently， the third feint is the actual attack.

The extension to English teaching is to create the “real” environment of scene and fictional language application， to create an environment atmosphere of blending feelings and scenes， to guide students into the application field of English， to overcome the obstacles of language learning， and to defeat the potential enemy of “mute” English. The application of an unfamiliar language， into the daily life of communication and communication language. It is especially important to dispel students strangeness in English and stimulate students interest in learning.  It is especially important to dispel students strangeness in English and stimulate students interest in learning. Therefore， trying to use life reproduction， arrangement of short plays， appreciation of small stories， role-playing， picture songs edification and other ways to carry out classroom teaching. Show the English of “nothing” in front of students， guide students to speak English， use English， make life full of English everywhere.

4. Drill

The Thirty-Six Stratagems- watching a fire from the other side of the river.

In classroom teaching， practice is an essential link and an effective way to train students language skills. Teachers give students a set task in the course of carrying out task teaching， and use the method of “far-off approach” to group teaching.Teachers are just “referees” in the whole activity， do not participate in any process of students learning activities， only make appropriate comments， leave enough space for students， give full play to the initiative of students autonomous learning， can achieve the effect of enhancing their interest in learning and enhancing their learning ability. Give the class to the students， willing to be a “fire across the shore” of the “idle” ， will also let you reap the fruits of victory against stiff English. In addition， the practice in the classroom should follow the principle of “step by step”， that is， the content and activities of the practice should be from easy to difficult， from shallow to deep， first old and then new， first whole and then individual， so it is more in line with the law of cognitive development of primary school students.

5. Consolidation

The Thirty-Six Stratagems- picking up something in passing.

“Hand-in-hand” is a metaphor for getting something cheap by accident， or getting something that usually takes a lot of effort. In English teaching， it refers more to such a process， from the teaching of one knowledge point to the consolidation of another knowledge. Pupils do not dare to speak English， often only learn a word in English， a sentence， a knowledge point. To encourage students to integrate new knowledge points， consolidate and improve old knowledge， and achieve the purpose of consolidating old knowledge and mastering new knowledge， this requires teachers to guide students， make bold assumptions about knowledge points on the basis of curriculum objectives， and broaden them as much as possible， so as to enhance their ability to learn English and improve their overall level of English.

6. Homework

The Thirty-Six Stratagem- reviling the locust tree while pointing to the mulberry.

When teaching is over， teachers need to assign certain assignments to help students consolidate what they have learned. The assignment arrangement can not only review the knowledge learned， but also contribute to the study of the new course.

Once the problem arises， it must be dealt with seriously， so that other students will not repeat the problem， and the whole teaching process will not be complicated in the case of the above-mentioned students do not do homework， can be in front of the class， blame them for not doing homework is wrong， and ask him to make up his homework immediately in the spare time， and in front of the class to hand in the completed homework， so as to warn other students homework must be completed.

‘Thirty-six is a wonderful flower in Chinese culture， and its value is being explored and expanded step by step. Understand the essence of it， in-depth thinking， you can understand the new ideas and methods of English teaching. To guide the effective implementation of education and teaching work. And looking forward to this kind of teaching ——profound insight， ingenuity， guidance， guidance， full of wisdom， excellence， so that our teaching links are optimized， let students full of dreams and hope. No matter what “stratagem” or “strategy” is used， it will always focus on the goal requirements of the new curriculum standard， follow the theory of education and teaching， and constantly innovate the practice， which will certainly show different forms and complement each others teaching methods. No matter what form， on condition that students progress， is a kind of success.