双水相体系分离纯化杜仲总黄酮和绿原酸的研究
2020-09-14张亦琳延永张琴
张亦琳 延永 张琴
摘要:采用双水相萃取法辅助醇提法来提取纯化杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides Oliver)中的总黄酮和绿原酸。通过单因素试验和Box-Behnken响应面法确定最佳提取工艺,利用乙醇/无机盐双水相体系将杜仲提取物中的总黄酮和绿原酸进行有效分离。结果表明,在最佳提取条件下,杜仲总黄酮的最佳双水相萃取体系为乙醇的质量分数50%、K2HPO4的质量分数20%,此时,相比R为2.93,分配比D为10.35,杜仲总黄酮的萃取率达77.94%。绿原酸的最佳双水相萃取体系为乙醇的质量分数60%、K2HPO4的质量分数20%,此时,相比R为3.43,分配比D为12.32,杜仲绿原酸的萃取率达78.22%。开发条件温和、成相稳定、用时较短的双水相萃取技术,对杜仲的开发利用有重要意义。
关键词:杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides Oliver);总黄酮;绿原酸;双水相体系;纯化
Abstract: In this study, the two-phase extraction method was used to assist the extraction of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid in Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. The optimal extraction process was determined by single factor and Box-Behnken response surface method test, and the total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid in Eucommia ulmoides extract were separated by ethanol/inorganic salt aqueous two-phase system. The results showed that under the optimal extraction conditions, the best aqueous two-phase extraction system for total flavonoids in Eucommia ulmoides was 50% ethanol content with 20% mass fraction of K2HPO4, the phase ratio R was 2.93 and the distribution ratio D was 10.35, and the extraction ratio could reach 77.94%. The best aqueous two-phase extraction system for chlorogenic acid was 60% ethanol with 20% K2HPO4 in water, the phase ratio R was 3.43 and the distribution ratio D was 12.32 with the extraction ratio up to 78.22%. The dual aqueous phase extraction technology with mild development conditions, stable phase and short time is great significant for the development and utilization of Eucommia ulmoides.
Key words: Eucommia ulmoides Oliver; total flavonoids; chlorogenic acid; aqueous two-phase system; purification
杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides Oliver),落叶乔木,高可达20 m,树皮灰褐色、粗糙,芽体卵圆形,外面发亮,红褐色,叶椭圆形、卵形或矩圆形,薄革质,长6~15 cm,宽3.5~6.5 cm,在中国有着悠久的历史,是中国独有的一种珍稀树种,被列为国家二级保护野生药材物种。其性温,味甘,归肝、肾经,具有补肝肾、强筋骨、安胎的功效[1],在医疗、保健和食品领域,杜仲都有着良好的开拓空间。杜仲提取物主要活性成分有总黄酮和绿原酸,总黄酮具有降血压、降血脂、抗氧化、抗肿瘤和调节骨代谢等广泛的药理作用[2-5],绿原酸具有降血压、增高白血球、抗菌、抗病毒和肿瘤、增强免疫力、清除體内自由基等功效[6-9]。因此,对杜仲总黄酮和绿原酸的提取工艺研究有着良好的发展前景。
目前,杜仲总黄酮和绿原酸常用的提取方法有水提法、酶解法和醇提取等。水提法提取液黏度大,过滤浓缩困难,提取物容易发生霉变;酶解法所需要的反应时间长,所用的仪器与设备要求比较高,且酶是蛋白质,受温度影响比较大,容易引起含糖成分的过滤困难;醇提法提取物成分复杂,有效成分分离难度较大,但提取率相对较高,如何将所需要的活性成分从其提取物中分离出来就显得尤为重要。双水相萃取技术是利用亲水有机溶液的水溶液形成的双水相,利用被分离物在两相中溶解度的差异进行兼具提取和分离双重功能的高效分离技术[10,11]。利用双水相体系可以为生物物质提供良好的生物环境[12],可实现杜仲有效成分的提取分离[13,14]。
本研究以陕西省地道药材杜仲为研究对象,采用双水相萃取法辅助醇提法提取纯化杜仲中的总黄酮和绿原酸。通过单因素试验和Box-Behnken响应面法确定最佳提取工艺,再经有机相与无机盐形成的双水相体系将杜仲中的总黄酮和绿原酸有效分离,运用相平衡原理分析总黄酮和绿原酸在各类不同的无机盐与有机相乙醇形成的双水相体系中的分配性质[15],实现杜仲总黄酮和绿原酸的分离与初步纯化。