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系2. 大通翠雀花系 Ser. Subumbellata

2020-09-12

广西植物 2020年13期

Ser. Subumbellata Huth ex W. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Sin. 10(1): 77. 1962. — Tribus Subumbellata Huth in Bot. Jahrb. 20: 407. 1895. Lectotype: Delphinium pylzowii Maxim.

叶3深裂或3全裂。萼距与萼片近等长,或比萼片稍长。心皮3~5。种子四面体形,沿棱具狭翅。

我国有15种,多分布于西南部以及青海东部和甘肃中南部,仅1种分布于湖北西部、陕西南部和河南西南部。

56. 川滇翠雀花 图版16: 11-14

Delphinium smithianum Hand. -Mazz. in Acta Hort. Gotob. 13: 49, fig. 16. 1939; W. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Sin. 10(1): 77. 1962; Munz in J. Arn. Arb. 48(4): 534. 1967; Iconogr. Corm. Sin. 1: 100, fig. 1400. 1972; W. T. Wang in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 372, pl. 84: 11-14. 1979; in Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mount. 1: 481. 1993; et in Guihaia 17(1): 6. 1997; Z. Wang & W. T. Wang in High. Pl. China 3: 433, fig. 683. 2000; W. T. Wang in Fl. Yunnan. 11: 115. 2000; W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnck in Fl. China 6: 237. 2001. Isotype 四川: 康定,大炮山,alt. 4 600 m, 1934-08-20, Harry Smith 11374 (PE)。

草本高10~15 cm。茎被反曲短柔毛,不分枝或有1分枝。叶约5,有长柄;叶片肾形,1.2~2.3 × 2.8~4.8 cm,3深裂近基部,中央深裂片菱状倒卵形,3浅裂,侧深裂片宽倒卵形,不等2深裂稍超过中部;叶柄长2~8.8 cm。伞房花序顶生,有2~4花;花梗长3~8 cm,上部被短柔毛,中部或下部有2枚3裂或披针形小苞片。萼片蓝色,外面有短柔毛,上萼片宽椭圆形,长25 mm,距细圆筒形,长23 mm,基部粗4 mm,其他萼片卵形。花瓣无毛。退化雄蕊黑色,瓣片2裂,腹面有黄色髯毛。雄蕊无毛。心皮3,子房密被短柔毛。种子淡褐色,棱不明显,近无翅。7月—10月开花。

分布于四川西部和云南西北部。生于多石山坡或灌丛草地,海拔3 500~4 600 m。

标本登录 四川: 康定,金汤乡,俞德浚2416;小金,杨亲二,袁琼531;汶川,杨亲二,袁琼221。云南:中甸,东旺,杨竞生8436;中甸,大雪山,D. E. Boufford等29186。

57. 宽萼翠雀花 图版25: 1-2

Delphinium pseudopulcherrimum W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10, Achel. 1: 100, 1965; in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 374, pl. 86: 1-2. 1979; et in Fl. Xizang. 2: 51, fig. 15: 1-2. 1985; W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock in Fl. China 6: 238. 2001; W. T. Wang in High. Pl. China in Colour 3: 364. 2016; L. Xie in Medic. Fl. China 3: 175, with fig. & photo. 2016. Type 西藏:拉薩,察日坝,alt. 4 000 m,1961-09-01,肖培根,夏光成1884 (holotype, IMD; isotype, PE)。

草本高20~50 cm。茎疏被反曲短柔毛,中部以上分枝。中部茎生叶具稍长柄;叶片五角形,2.5~4.2 × 4~6 cm,3深裂近基部,中央深裂片宽菱形,近羽状深裂,小裂片稀疏,条状披针形,侧深裂片斜扇形,不等2深裂;叶柄长4~7 cm。伞房花序顶生,有(1~) 2~5花;苞片叶状;花梗长1.4~5.5 cm,密被短柔毛,中部或上部具条形小苞片。萼片宿存,蓝紫色,外面被柔毛,上萼片近圆形,长18~20 mm,距钻形,长18~22 mm,基部粗3 mm,侧萼片长20 mm,下萼片长20~24 mm。退化雄蕊黑色;瓣片长8 mm,2浅裂,腹面被黄色髯毛;爪长8 mm。花丝无毛或有疏毛。心皮3,子房密被短柔毛。蓇葖长1.7 cm。种子三棱形,长1.5 mm,沿棱有狭翅。8月—9月开花。

产于西藏拉萨一带。生于山地草坡,海拔4 000~5 000 m。

标本登录 西藏: 拉萨,张永田,郎楷永1907,1982,2132;达孜,张永田,郎楷永2409。

58. 大通翠雀花 图版27

Delphinium pylzowii Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 9: 709. 1876; Fl. Tangut. 21, pl. 3. 1889; Franch. in Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 8, 5: 176. 1893; Huth in Bot. Jahrb. 20: 408. 1895; Finet & Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 495. 1904; Stapf in Curtis. Bot. Mag. 145: t. 8813. 1919; Hand. -Mazz. in Acta Hort. Gotob. 13: 52. 1939; W. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Sin. 10(1): 78. 1962; Munz in J. Arn. Arb. 48(4): 532. 1967, p. p. excl. syn. D. tanguticum (Maxim. ) Huth; Iconogr. Corm. Sin. 1: 701, fig. 1401. 1972; W. T. Wang in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 376. 1979; L. H. Zhou in Fl. Qinghai. 1: 309. pl. 67: 6-8. 1997; Z. Wang & W. T. Wang in High. Pl. China 3: 434, fig. 684. 2000; W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock in Fl. China 6: 239. 2001; L. Xie in Medic. Fl. China 3: 176, with fig. 2016. Type 甘肃: 大通河,1872,N. M. Przewalski s. n. (holotype, LE, not seen; isotype, PE)。

58a. var. pylzowii

草本高 (10~) 20~55 cm。茎被反曲短柔毛,不分枝或下部分枝。基部叶在花期多枯萎,下部叶具长柄;叶片圆五角形,1~2.8 × 2.5~5 cm,3全裂,中央全裂片常1~3回羽状分裂,小裂片狭披针形至条形,侧全裂片较大,不等2深裂,两面有疏柔毛;叶柄长3.5~7.5 cm。伞房花序顶生,有2~6花;基部苞片叶状,上部者钻形;花梗长4.5~9 cm,密被短柔毛,并混生黄色腺毛,中部有条形或钻形小苞片。萼片宿存,蓝紫色,外面被柔毛,内面无毛,卵形,长16~18 (~24)mm,距钻形,长21~24 mm,基部粗3 mm。退化雄蕊黑褐色;瓣片长6~9 mm,2半裂,腹面被黄色髯毛。雄蕊无毛。心皮5,子房密被柔毛。蓇葖长1.8 cm。种子四面体形,长1 mm,沿棱无翅。7月—8月開花。

分布于青海东部和甘肃中部。生于山地草坡,海拔2 350~3 700 m。

标本登录 青海: 大通,刘继孟6434,杨亲二9531;门源,刘继孟6730,6748,钟补求8966;西宁,郝景盛792;循化,郭本兆9469,杨亲二9511;互助,杨亲二9524;湟源,刘更喜,田玉英s. n.;贵德,何廷农,B. Bartholomew等9。

58b. 光果大通翠雀花 (变种)

var. leiogynum W. T. Wang, var. nov. Holotype青海(Qinghai): 湟中县,群加林场 (Huangzhong County, Qunjia Tree Farm), alt. 3 400 m, 灌丛中,花蓝紫色 (in scrub, fls. blue-purple), 1989-07-20, 刘尚武 (S. W. Liu) 2986 (PE)。

A var. pylzowii differt carpellis glabris.

本变种的心皮无毛,而与模式标本变种不同。

产于青海东部。生于山地灌丛中,海拔3 400 m。

59. 三果翠雀花 图版28: 1-5

Delphinium trigynum  ( W. T. Wang ) W. T. Wang, st. nov. — D. pylzowii Maxim. var. trigynum W. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Sin. 10(1): 78. 1962; Iconogr. Med. Pl. Qinghai-Xizang Plant. 1: 172, fig. 74. 1972; W. T. Wang in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 377, pl. 87: 1-5. 1979; in Fl. Xizang. 2: 52, fig. 15: 3-4. 1985; et in Vasc.Pl. Hengduan Mount. 1: 481. 1993; L. H. Zhou in Fl. Qinghai. 1: 311. 1997; Z. Wang & W. T. Wang in High. Pl. China 3: 434, fig. 685. 2000; W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock in Fl. China 6: 239. 2001; L. Xie in Medic. Fl. China 3: 177, with photo. 2016. Holotype 甘肃: 夏河,Kotsuik, alt. 4 500 m,草坡,1937-06-19,傅坤俊1487 (PE)。

D. labrungense Ulbr. ex Rehd. & Kobuski in J. Arn. Arb. 14: 11. 1933, nom. nud.

D. albocoeruleum auct. non Maxim. : Rehd. & Kobuski in I. c., p. p. quoad Rock 13194 et 14501.

D. henryi auct. non Franch. : Rehd. & Kobuski in I. c., p. p. quoad Rock 13154 et 14547.

Species nova haec est affinis D. pylzowii Maxim., a quo caulibus saepe ramulosis, corymbis terminalibus et lateralibus saepe corymbum compositum majorem formantibus, sepalis calcari brevioribus, gynoecii carpellis tribus praeclare differt.

Permnnial herbs 10-60 cm tall. Stems near base 2-6 mm across, puberulous, usually with more branches. Basal leaves and lower cauline leaves long petiolate; blades orbicular-ovate in outline, 1.5-3.5 × 3.5-5 cm, 3-sect, central segment rhombic, twice or thrice dissected, lateral segments obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-parted, secondary lobes also twice or thrice dissected, with ultimate lobes narrow-triangular, narrow-ovate or linear; surfaces adaxially and abaxially sparsely puberulous; petioles 4-10 cm long. Corymbs 2-6-flowered, terminal and leteral often forming larger compound corymb; bracts foliaceous; pedicels 2.5-7 cm long, densely puberulous and glandular-puberulous, near apex 2-bracteolate; bracteoles linear, 3-8 mm long. Sepals blue-purple, outside puberulous, inside glabrous, upper sepal ovate, 13-17 × 8-12 mm, spur sublate, 16-20 mm long, at base 2-3 mm across, other sepals narrow-ovbovate or oblong, 17-20 mm long. Petals at apex emarginate, with sparse hairs. Staminodes black; limbs 8 mm long, 2-lobed, adaxially above base yellowish-barbate; claws 8 mm long. Stamens 5-7 mm long, glabrous. Capels 3, with ovaries densely pubescent. Follicles oblong, 1-2 cm long. Seeds dark-brown, tetrahedral, 1.5-2 mm long, wingless.

分布于四川西北部、西藏东南部、青海的南部和东南部、甘肃西南部。生于草甸或多石砾山坡,海拔3 500~4 800 m。

全草用于散寒止痛、泄泻等症 (《中国药用植物志》, 2016)。

标本登录 四川: 甘孜,姜恕2411,孟千万s. n., D. E. Boufford, B. Bartholomew等41079;色达,李秋痕6723,D. E. Boufford 等33580,33694,33737;德格,杨亲二,袁琼444,448;石渠,刘照光7573,王清泉7628。西藏:江达,崔友文5313,D. E. Boufford等31411,楊亲二和袁琼474;昌都,钟补求5039,青藏队12618,D. E. Boufford等31805;夏古拉山,钟补求5401;惹垭至汤布,崔友文5531;类乌齐,D. E. Boufford等31836,31901,32107,杨亲二和袁琼482,D. E. Boufford, B. Bartholomew等41024;丁青,杨竞生91-685;巴青,D. E. Boufford等29990。青海:囊谦,杨永昌1998;玉树,何廷农,B. Bartholomew 等1841;杂多,刘尚武323;曲麻莱,黄荣福90;玛多,杨亲二和袁琼399, 405;达日,何廷农,B. Bartholomew等1272;玛沁,何廷农,B. Bartholomew等581;泽库,杨亲二95-22;兴海,何廷农337;贵德,何廷农,B. Bartholomew等959。甘肃:岷山,王作宾7531;卓尼,王作宾5477;洮河,J. F. Rock 13154,13194,王作宾5646;夏河,J. F. Rock 14501,14504,14505,14547,傅坤俊1246,王庆瑞10642。

60. 青海翠雀花 图版29

Delphinium qinghaiense W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 29(5): 458, fig. 1. 1991; W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock in Fl. China 6: 237. 2001. Holotype 青海: 格尔木,近小南川,alt. 4 650 m,山坡上,1988-09-06,郑度,郭柯12592 (PE)。

草本高6~10 cm。茎被短柔毛,自下部分枝。基生叶在花期枯萎。茎生叶聚生于茎下部,具长柄;叶片革质,五角形,0.8~1.1 × 1.2~1.6 cm,3全裂,中央全裂片菱形,1~2回3裂,侧全裂片斜扇形,不等2深裂近基部,2回裂片细裂,末回裂片狭卵形或条形,两面有疏毛;叶柄长2. 2~3. 5 cm。伞房花序顶生,具(1~ ) 2~3花;苞片叶状;花梗长3.5~6 cm,被短柔毛,中部有2叶状或条形小苞片。萼片蓝色,外面被短柔毛,椭圆状卵形,长12~15 mm,距钻形,长12~14 mm,基部粗3 mm。花瓣无毛。退化雄蕊黑色;瓣片5 × 5 mm,2浅裂,腹面基部之上被黄色髯毛;爪长5~6 mm。雄蕊无毛。心皮3,子房被短柔毛。蓇葖长1.5 cm。种子近四面体形,长2 mm,沿纵棱有翅。8月—9月开花。

特产于青海格尔木市。生于山坡上,海拔4 650 m。

61. 巴塘翠雀花  图版30: 6-7

Delphinium batangense Finet & Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 478, pl. 5: B. 1904; W. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Sin. 10(1): 77. 1962; Munz in J. Arn. Arb. 48(4): 505. 1967; W. T. Wang in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 374, pl. 85: 6-7. 1979; in Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mount. 1: 481. 1993; et in Fl. Yunnan. 11: 116, pl. 33: 1-2. 2000; Z. Wang & W. T. Wang in High. Pl. China 3: 433, fig. 682: 6-7. 2000; W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock in Fl. China 6: 238. 2001. Syntype 四川: 巴塘,在Zambala与Yargong之间,1903,J. A. Soulie 3040 (P, not seen; photo, PE)。

D. pulcherrimum W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(4): 370. 1957; et in Acta Bot. Sin. 10(1): 78. 1962; Munz in J. Arn. Arb. 48(4): 531. 1967. Type 云南: 德钦,白马雪山,alt. 4 240 m,1937-08-03,俞德浚9330 (holotype, PE); 同地,alt. 3 400 m,草坡,1935-09,王启无69533 (paratype, PE)。

草本高15~30 (~50 ) cm。茎被反曲短柔毛或变无毛,常有1分枝。下部茎生叶有长柄;叶片五角形,宽3~4 cm,3全裂近基部,中央全裂片菱形,长渐尖,侧全裂片斜扇形,不等2或3深裂,2回裂片细裂,末回裂片狭卵形或披针状条形,两面有短柔毛;叶柄长1.5~7(~9. 5 ) cm。伞房花序顶生,有2~4花;苞片叶状;花梗长4~8 cm,被短柔毛,顶端有2披针形小苞片。萼片蓝紫色,外面被短柔毛,近圆形或宽椭圆形,长17~22 mm,距钻形,长21~24 mm。花瓣无毛。退化雄蕊黑褐色;瓣片2裂,腹面有黄色髯毛。雄蕊无毛。心皮3,子房密被柔毛。8月—9月开花。

分布于云南西北部和四川西南部。生于山地草坡或多石砾山坡,海拔4 000~5 200 m。

标本登录 云南: 中甸,杨竞生8332,88-65,杨亲二,孔宏智98-321,杨亲二,袁琼26;德钦,杨亲二,袁琼77,87。四川:稻城,罗艳410;乡城,四川植物队1189,罗艳417。

62. 软叶翠雀花 图版30: 3-5

Delphinium malacophyllum Hand. -Mazz. in Acta Hort. Gotob. 13: 52. 1939; W. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Sin. 10(1): 77. 1962; Munz in J. Arn. Arb. 48(4): 503. 1967; W. T. Wang in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 373, pl. 85: 3-5. 1979; etin Guihaia 17(1): 6. 1997; Z. Wang & W. T. Wang in High. Pl. China 3: 433, fig. 682: 3-5. 2000; W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock in Fl. China 6: 238. 2001. Isotype 四川北部:Hsioch Shan, alt. 4 300 m, 1932-08-11, Harry Smith 3385 (PE)。

草本高10~30 cm。茎被反曲短柔毛,不分枝或分枝。叶片五角形,2~2.5 × 2~6 cm,3裂近或达基部,中央1回裂片菱形,3半裂,2回裂片狭卵形或披針形,全缘或有1齿,侧1回裂片较大,不等2深裂,两面有疏毛。伞房花序顶生,有2~7 花;花梗长2.5~7 cm,中部有长4 mm的小苞片。萼片深蓝色,外面被短柔毛,内面无毛,宽卵形或卵形,长20~22 mm,距钻形,长35~38 mm。花瓣无毛。退化雄蕊的瓣片下部黑褐色,上部蓝色,2半裂,腹面被黄色髯毛。花丝无毛或有疏毛。心皮3,子房密被柔毛。7月—8月开花。

分布于四川西北部和甘肃西南部。生于高山草地,海拔4 000~4 300 m。

标本登录 甘肃: 迭部,J. F. Rock 13092;洮河,Kwang Ko Shan, J. F. Rock 14644。

63. 白缘翠雀花 图版30: 8-10

Delphinium chenii W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(4): 369. 1957; et in Acta Bot. Sin. 10(1): 78. 1962; Munz in J. Arn. Arb. 49(1): 131. 1968; W. T. Wang in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 373, pl. 85: 8-10. 1979; in Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mount. 1: 481. 1993; et in Fl. Yunnan. 11: 116. 2000; W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock in Fl. China 6: 238. 2001. —D. albomarginatum Chen in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., n. s., 1: 164. 1948, non Simonova, 1924. Isotype 四川: 稻城,Wontula, alt. 3 900,林边,1937-08-21,俞德浚12809 (PE)。

草本高14~38 cm。茎被反曲短柔毛,下部有时变无毛。最下部茎生叶在花期枯萎,其他下部也有长柄;叶片肾形,1.3~3.5 × 2.2~5 cm,3深裂近基部,中央深裂片菱形,3裂,2回裂片全缘或有1~2小齿,侧深裂片宽倒卵形。不等2裂稍超过中部;叶柄长6~8.5 cm。伞房花序顶生,有2~4花;苞片叶状;花梗长2.4~3.8 cm,被短柔毛,近顶端有长4~6 mm的小苞片。萼片宿存,蓝色,边缘白色,外面有疏柔毛,卵形,长15~17 mm,距钻形,长16~22 mm。花瓣无毛。退化雄蕊黑色,瓣片卵形,2半裂,腹面被黄色髯毛。雄蕊无毛。心皮3,子房密被短柔毛。蓇葖长1.7 cm。种子三棱形,长1 mm,沿棱有狭翅。7月—8月开花。

分布于四川稻城和云南西北部 (中甸)。生于山坡路边,海拔3 900 m。

64. 竞生翠雀花 图版31: 1-3

Delphinium yangii W. T. Wang in Bull. Bot. Res. Harbin 6(1): 3, pl. 2: 6-8. 1986; in Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mount. 1: 481. 1993; et in Fl. Yunnan. 11: 116, pl. 32: 7-9. 2000; W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock in Fl. China 6: 238. 2001. Type 云南: 中甸,东旺,麦洛牛场,alt. 4 200~4 500 m,1976-08-05,杨竟生8436 (holotype,KUN);中甸,新联,马拉雪山,1976-09-06,杨竞生8945 (paratype, KUN)。

草本高约9 cm。茎被贴伏短柔毛,自下部分枝。下部茎生叶具长柄;叶片革质,五角形,1.5~2 × 2.2~3.4 cm,基部心形,3深裂近基部,中央深裂片宽菱形,3浅裂,浅裂片有1~2齿或全缘,侧深裂片斜扇形,不等2深裂,上面密被短伏毛,下面有疏毛;叶柄长达6 cm。伞房花序顶生,有1~3花;苞片叶状;花梗长3.2~7 cm,被短柔毛,上部有2条形小苞片。萼片蓝色,外面密被短柔毛,内面近顶端有疏毛, 上萼片圆卵形,长17~19 mm,距细筒形,长19~21 mm,基部粗3~4.5 mm,其他萼片长21~26 mm。花瓣无毛,顶端全缘。退化雄蕊黑色;瓣片长9 mm,顶端微凹,腹面基部之上被白色髯毛;爪长 7 mm。雄蕊无毛。心皮3,子房密被短柔毛。8月—9月开花。

特产于云南中甸县。生于高山草地,海拔4 200~4 500 m。

65. 雪宝顶翠雀花 图版32

Delphinium xuebaodingense W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Holotype 四川(Sichuan): 松潘县,雪宝顶 (Songpan County, Xuebaoding), alt. 4 000 m, scree, 2004-09-16, Q. E. Yang & Q. Yuan 312 (PE)。

Species nova haec est affinis D. yangii W. T. Wang, a quo bracteolis indivisis elliptico-ovatis vel 3-lobatis, calcari sepalino majore 25 mm longo, petalis apice 2-lobulatis, staminodiorum limbis apice brunneolis alibi nigris apice 2-lobulatis distinguuitur.

Perennial herbs 4.5-14 cm tall. Stems 3-11 cm long, densely retrorsely appressed-puberulous, branched or simple, 2- or more-leaved. Basal leaves 1-2, with lower cauline leaves long petiolate; blades papery, pentagonal, 1.8-2.6 × 2.2-5 cm, at base cordate or subtruncate, 3-parted to near base, central primary lobe broad-rhombic, 3-parted or 3-lobed, secondary lobes with 1-2 lobules or teeth, lateral primary lobes larger, obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-parted, upper secondary lobes similar to central primary lobe; surfaces adaxially and abaxially with dense short hairs 0.1 mm long; petioles 3-9 cm long. Corymbs terminal, 1-2-flowered; bracts foliaceous; pedicels 2.5-5 cm long, puberulous, below to above 2-bracteolate; bracteoles 6-10 mm long, elliptic-ovate or 3-lobed. Sepals blue, outside with sparse hairs, inside glabrous, upper sepal elliptic,18 × 10 mm, spur subulate, 25 mm long, at base 4 mm across, lateral sepals narrow-elliptic, 22 × 12 mm, lower sepals obovate-oblong, 26 × 11 mm. Petals glabrous, apex emarginate. Staminodes mostly black, on apex brow-nish; limbs 9 × 6 mm, at apex 2-lobulate, adaxiallyabove base shortly white-barbate; claws glabrous, above base 1-appendeculate. Stamens 9 mm long, glabrous. Carpels 3; ovaries 4 × 1-1.2 mm, densely appressed-puberulous; styles 3 mm long, glabrous.

特產于四川松潘县雪宝顶。生于高山流石滩,海拔4 000 m。

66. 美叶翠雀花 图版25: 3-5

Delphinium calophyllum W. T. Wang in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 379, 613, pl. 86: 3-5. 1979; L. H. Zhou in Fl. Qinghai. 1: 311. 1997; W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock in Fl. China 6: 240. 2001. Holotype  青海: 河南,外司乡,阿米山,1972-07-10,郭本兆9876 (HNWP)。

草本高15 cm。茎疏被短柔毛,上部有1分枝,有9叶。基生叶在花期枯萎。茎生叶有长柄;叶片薄革质,肾形,1.4~2 × 2.8~4 cm,3全裂,中央全裂片菱状楔形,2~3回分裂,侧全裂片较大,扇形,细裂,末回裂片狭披针形至披针状条形;叶柄长4~9 cm。伞房花序顶生,有3花;花梗长2.2~4 cm,密被短柔毛,中部之上有2叶状小苞片。萼片蓝紫色,长14~15 mm,外面被柔毛,上萼片狭卵形,距近圆筒形,长17 mm,其他萼片狭椭圆形。花瓣无毛。退化雄蕊黑褐色;瓣片圆卵形,长7 mm,顶端2微裂,腹面被黄色髯毛;爪长4 mm。雄蕊无毛。心皮3,子房疏被短柔毛。7月开花。

特产于青海河南县。生于高山地带。

67. 雅江翠雀花 图版31: 4-5

Delphinium yajiangense W. T. Wang in Bull. Bot. Res. Harbin 6(1): 5, pl. 2: 4-5. 1986; et in Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mount. 1: 481. 1993; W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock in Fl. China 6: 238. 2001. Holotype 四川: 雅江,海子,alt. 4 400 m,高山草地,1976-08-18,?349 (KUN)。

草本高28~30 cm。茎被短柔毛,不分枝或分枝,有4~6叶。基生叶在花期枯萎。茎生叶具长柄;叶片五角形,1.2~1.7 × 2.2~3.2 cm,3全裂,中央全裂片菱形,3深裂,二回裂片有少数小裂片或有1~3牙齿,侧全裂片斜扇形,不等2深裂,上面被短伏毛,下面无毛;叶柄长3.4~8.5 cm。伞房花序顶生,有4~5花;苞片叶状;花梗长2.5~7 cm,密被短柔毛,上部有2枚长2.6~3 mm的小苞片。萼片蓝色,边缘白色,外面被柔毛,内面无毛,长11~12 mm,上萼片卵形,距钻形,长20~24 mm,其他萼片椭圆形。花瓣无毛。退化雄蕊黑色;瓣片卵形,长4 mm,2半裂,腹面中部被黄色髯毛;爪长5 mm。雄蕊无毛。心皮3,子房密被短柔毛。8月开花。

特产于四川雅江县。生于高山草地,海拔4 400 m。

68. 单花翠雀花 图版33: 1-4

Delphinium monanthum Hand. -Mazz. in Acta Hort. Gotob. 13: 50, fig. I: 1. 1939; Munz in J. Arn. Arb. 48(4): 526. 1967; Iconogr. Corm. Sin. 1: 701, fig. 1402. 1972. — D. candelabrum Ostf. var. monanthum (Hand. -Mazz. ) W. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Sin. 10(1): 78. 1962; in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 377. 1979; et in Fl. Xizang. 2: 52. 1985; L. H. Zhou in Fl. Qinghai. 1: 311. 1997; Z. Wang & W. T. Wang in High Pl. China 3: 434, fig. 685. 2000; W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock in Fl. China 6:240. 2001; W. T. Wang in High. Pl. China in Colour 3: 364. 2016; L. Xie in Medic. Fl. China 3: 177, with photo. 2016. Isotype 四川: Dongrergo (近松潘),alt. 4 800 m,多石砾山坡,1922-08-09,Harry Smith 3132 (PE)。

D. batangense auct. non Finet & Gagnep.: Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 275. 1931, p. p.  D. pylzowiiauct. non Maxim.: Rehd. & Kobuski in J. Arn. Arb. 14: 11. 1933, p. p. quoad Rock 13024 & 13185.

草本高3~14 (~28) cm。茎长1.5~6 (~19) cm,疏被短柔毛,不分枝或分枝。基生叶1~3,与下部茎生叶有长柄;叶片圆五角形,4~10 (~23) × 10~20(~36)mm,在基部心形,3全裂,中央全裂片宽菱形,3深裂,深裂片不分裂或有1~2狭卵形小裂片,侧全裂片斜扇形,不等2深裂,上方2回裂片似中央全裂片,下方2回裂片较小,又不等2深裂,两面有短柔毛;叶柄长1.5~4(~7)cm。伞房花序顶生,有1~2花;苞片叶状;花梗长2~9 (~12)cm,被短柔毛,中或上部有2枚长5~7 mm的小苞片。萼片蓝色,外面被短柔毛,内面无毛,上萼片狭卵形,长14~17 mm,距钻形,长17~20 (~22)mm,其他萼片长17~22 mm。花瓣无毛。退化雄蕊黑色;瓣片9 × 7.5 mm,2浅裂或微凹,腹面下部被淡黄色髯毛;爪长7 mm。雄蕊无毛。心皮3,子房密被柔毛。7月—9月开花。

分布于四川西部、西藏东南部、青海南部和东部、甘肃中南部。生于高山草甸或多石砾山坡,海拔3 300~5 300 m。

标本登录 四川: 德格,孟千万s. n. 西藏:昌都,D. E. Bouford, B. Bartholomew等41407;当雄,董浩华1-093;类乌齐,杨竞生91-752;比如,陶德定11151,11390;安多,陶德定10812;土门格拉,秦志业10136;申扎,西藏队植被组6089。青海: 囊谦,西藏中草药队1113;玛多,杨亲二,袁琼403;Selgen,郝景盛943;大通,张珍万2443;祁连,钟补求8605,8716。甘肃:迭部,J. F. Rock 13024;洮河,J. F. Rock 13185;武威,P. Licent 4686;肃南,河西队218,384。

69. 奇林翠雀花 图版33: 5-8

Delphinium candelabrum Ostf. in Sven Hedin, South. Tibet 6(3): 80, pl. 2: 2-3. 1922; W. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Sin. 10(1): 78. 1962; Munz in J. Arn. Arb. 48(4): 509. 1967; W. T. Wang in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 377. 1979; et in Fl. Xizang. 2: 52, fig. 11: 6. 1985; W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock in Fl. China 6: 239. 2001. Holotype西藏: 東部,alt. 5 127 m, 1901-08-09, Sven Hedin s. n. (not seen; photo, PE)。

草本高约6 cm。茎下部无毛,上部有短柔毛。叶在茎露出地面处丛生,有长柄;叶片肾状五角形,宽1~2 cm,3全裂,中央全裂片宽菱形,侧全裂片扇形,1~2回细裂,末回裂片条状披针形,疏被短柔毛;叶柄长2~3.5 cm。伞房花序顶生,有3~6花;花梗长6~7 cm,上部被柔毛,中部有2枚3裂的小苞片。萼片蓝紫色,卵形,长16~18 mm,外面有短柔毛,距钻形,长约21 mm。花瓣无毛或有疏毛。退化雄蕊黑褐色;瓣片近圆形,2微裂,腹面有黄色髯毛。雄蕊无毛。心皮3,子房被毛。7月—8月开花。

产于西藏东南部。生于草甸和多砾石山坡,海拔4 400~5 300 m。

标本登录 西藏: 南木林,西藏中草药队959;江达,D. E. Boufford 等31411。

70. 川陕翠雀花 图版34: 1-4Delphinium henryi Franch. in Bull. Soc.

Philom. Paris, ser. 8, 5: 177. 1893; Huth in Bot. Jahrb. 20: 408. 1895; Finet & Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 477. 1904; W. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Sin. 10(1): 79. 1962; Munz in J. Arn. Arb. 48(4): 519. 1967; Iconogr, Corm. Sin. 1: 702, fig. 1403. 1972; Fl. Tsinling. 1(2): 264. 1974; S. H. Fu, Fl. Hupeh. 1: 339, fig. 470. 1976; W. T. Wang in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 27: 379. 1979; B. Z. Ding et al. Fl. Henan 1: 435, fig. 550. 1981; Z. Wang & W. T. Wang in High. Pl. China 3: 435, fig. 686. 2000; W. T. Wang & M. J. Warnock in Fl. China 6: 240. 2001; C. X. Yang et al. Keys Vasc. Pl. Chongqing 220. 2009; X. D. Li et al. Pl. Shennongjia 1: 303. 2017. Holotype 湖北: 兴山,A. Henry 6932 (not seen; photo, PE)。

D. henryi var. concolor W. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Sin. 10(1): 79. 1962. Holotype 河南: 卢氏,老君山,alt. 1 420 m,刘继孟5089 (PE)。

草本高15~40 (~70)cm。茎密被反曲短柔毛,不分枝或上部分枝。基生叶在花期枯萎。茎生叶叶片五角形,1.8~4 × 2.8~6.4 (~7)cm,3全裂,裂片1~2回多少细裂,末回裂片狭卵形至条状披针形,两面有疏柔毛;叶柄长约6 cm。伞房花序顶生,有2~4花;苞片叶状;花梗长1.7~3.4(~5)cm,密被短柔毛,顶端有2枚长8~10 mm的小苞片。萼片宿存,蓝紫色,卵形,长12~15 mm,外面有短柔毛,距钻形,长15~22 mm。花瓣无毛。退化雄蕊褐色,有时蓝紫色;瓣片2半裂,腹面有黄色髯毛。雄蕊无毛。心皮3,子房密被短柔毛。蓇葖长约1 cm。种子四面体形,长1.5 mm,沿棱有极狭的翅。8月—9月开花。

分布于重庆、湖北西部、陕西南部、河南西部。生山地草坡上,海拔1 400~2 800 m。

標本登录 重庆:巫溪,杨光辉65383。湖北:神农架,喻勋林等79。陕西:宁陕,郭本兆1104;西安,秦岭,P. Licent 2760。河南:西峡,陈祖贤721;嵩县,关克俭等2163;栾川,高乞,陈又生99。