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分娩球联合自由体位在初产妇助产护理中的干预效果

2020-09-06甘淑珍

中国现代医生 2020年20期
关键词:分娩方式常规护理初产妇

甘淑珍

[摘要] 目的 探討分娩球联合自由体位在初产妇助产护理中的干预效果。 方法 选择2017年10月~2018年11月初产妇80例作为对象,随机数字表分为对照组(n=40)和观察组(n=40)。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在其基础上应用分娩球联合自由体位,比较分娩时产痛程度情况,对分娩前后心理情况评估,比较分娩方式与结局。 结果 观察组产妇0级疼痛、1级疼痛(χ2=9.172,P=0.012)、2级疼痛(χ2=7.551,P=0.018)、3级疼痛(χ2=4.249,P=0.024)的例数显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);分娩前两组产妇HAMD与HAMA评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组产妇在分娩之后HAMD与HAMA评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组产妇要求并且进行剖宫产(χ2=8.218,P=0.013)、产后大出血(χ2=4.114,P=0.022)情况显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组产妇进行阴道分娩(χ2=7.749,P=0.019)例数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 将分娩球联合自由体位用于初产妇助产护理中,有助于产妇分娩,值得推广应用。

[关键词] 分娩球联合自由体位;初产妇;常规护理;产痛程度;分娩方式

[Abstract] Objective To explore the intervention effect of delivery ball combined with free body position on midwifery nursing of primiparas. Methods 80 primiparas from October 2017 to November 2018 were selected as the subjects and divided into the control group(n=40) and the observation group(n=40) through the random number table. The control group was given routine nursing, while the observation group was given delivery ball combined with free body position on the basis of routine nursing. The degree of labor pain during delivery was compared, the psychological status before and after delivery was evaluated, and the delivery mode and outcome were compared. Results The number of cases with grade 0 pain, grade 1 pain(χ2=9.172, P=0.012), grade 2 pain (χ2=7.551, P=0.018) and grade 3 pain (χ2=4.249, P=0.024) in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in HAMD and HAMA scores between the two groups before delivery(P>0.05). The scores of HAMD and HAMA of the primiparas in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after delivery, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The cases of requiring cesarean section(χ2=8.218, P=0.013) and of postpartum hemorrhage(χ2=4.114, P=0.022) in the observation group were significantly fewer than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The number of vaginal delivery(χ2=7.749, P=0.019) in the observation group was larger than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of delivery ball and free body position in midwifery nursing of primiparas is helpful for them to give birth and is worth popularization and application.

[Key words] Delivery ball combined with free body position; Primipara; Routine nursing; Degree of labor pain; Delivery mode

近些年,越来越多的初产妇在分娩时选择剖腹产的方式,其中主要原因是产妇在初次分娩时因经验不足、心态较差等原因放大疼痛感,所以选择了疼痛程度相对较低的剖腹产。但是相关资料显示,剖腹产在胎儿发育以及产妇后期身体恢复方面是较差的[1-2]。因此,如何降低自然分娩时的疼痛感,让更多的初产妇选择自然分娩成为了当前的一个重点研究方向,各式各样的方法层出不穷[3]。分娩球联合自由体位便是当前减轻疼痛、缩短产程的一个方法,且得到了较为广泛的应用,但是目前此方面的具体研究较少[4]。因此,本文采用随机对照方法进行研究,探讨分娩球联合自由体位在初产妇助产护理中的干预效果,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1临床资料

选择2017年10月~2018年11月初产妇80例作为对象,随机数字表分为对照组(n=40)和观察组(n=40)。对照组40例,年龄22~28岁,平均(26.22±2.01)岁。孕周38~41周,平均(39.52±2.21)周。观察组40例,年龄23~29岁,平均(27.15±0.97)岁。孕周38~41周,平均(39.04±0.79)周。两组产妇临床资料比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

1.2纳入、排除标准

纳入标准:产妇同意本次研究且配合医护人员对其进行相关数据调查统计[5]。排除标准:合并精神异常者[6]。

1.3 方法

对照组给予常规护理,主要包括对产妇进行胎心监测以及相关健康宣传等;叮嘱初产妇在分娩过程中应注意的事项等。观察组在其基础上应用分娩球联合自由体位,要求医护人员根据产妇具体身体形态等选择大小适宜的分娩球,并提前将分娩球放在瑜伽垫上,在周围墙上安置把手供孕妇使用。对于坐姿方面,要求医护人员在产妇的宫口开到3 cm左右(宫缩期间)帮助孕妇骑坐在分娩球上,将手臂下垂,分开双腿并摇摆胯部。对于站姿方面,要求医护人员指导产妇在站立的同时将分娩球放在胸前并呈环抱姿态,身体缓慢地向前倾最终使头部靠在分娩球上。对于跪姿方面,应帮助产妇缓慢跪下并重复站姿所做动作。在产妇进行分娩球联合自由体位期间,医护人员要与产妇适当对话,减輕产妇的紧张度,以便提高助产效果。

1.4 观察指标

(1)产痛程度情况。要求医护人员对产妇在生产过程中的疼痛程度进行级别划分,并计算不同疼痛程度的产妇例数,计算百分比。其中无痛计为0级,产妇出现轻微疼痛且可忍受计为1级疼痛;产妇疼痛感明显并且伴有出汗,呼吸急促状况但是可以忍受计为2级疼痛;产妇出现大声喊叫且疼痛难忍并需要服用止痛药计为3级疼痛[7]。(2)分娩前后心理情况比较。让产妇在分娩前后填写汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)与焦虑量表(HAMA)以此测评产妇的心理焦虑与抑郁的程度,HAMD量表的总分为68分,HAMA量表总分为56分[8]。分数越高代表产妇焦虑抑郁程度越高,心理情况越差[9]。(3)分娩方式与分娩结局。比较两组顺利进行阴道分娩的产妇例数,要求并且进行剖宫产例数,及发生产后大出血例数并计算百分比[10-11]。

1.5统计学分析

采用SPSS22.0统计学软件处理,计数资料行χ2检验,采用[n(%)]表示,计量资料行t检验,采用(x±s)表示,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组产妇的产痛程度情况比较

观察组产妇0级疼痛、1级疼痛(χ2=9.172,P=0.012)、2级疼痛(χ2=7.551,P=0.018)、3级疼痛(χ2=4.249,P=0.024)的例数显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。

2.2两组产妇分娩前后心理情况比较

分娩前两组产妇HAMD与HAMA评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),经过15 d护理后,观察组产妇在分娩之后HAMD与HAMA评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。

2.3两组产妇的分娩方式与分娩结局比较

观察组产妇进行剖宫产(χ2=8.218,P=0.013)、产后大出血(χ2=4.114,P=0.022)情况显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组产妇进行阴道分娩(χ2=7.749,P=0.019)例数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表3。

3 讨论

分娩是女性繁衍的一个重要阶段,很多女性在分娩前后都会产生恐惧、紧张、害怕等不良心理,尤其是对于初产妇来说,因缺乏经验,负面情绪更容易产生[12]。相关资料显示,这种紧张情绪的产生会严重影响产妇体内的激素分泌,极易导致其体力的消耗,血压的升高等,随之会导致宫缩反应加剧,影响产妇正常的分娩。加上自然分娩时疼痛剧烈,因此越来越多的初产妇在分娩方式的选择上更倾向于剖宫产[13]。但是剖腹产容易导致产妇子宫留下伤痕,推迟母乳出现的时间,若产后护理不当甚至容易引发一系列的并发症[14]。可见,与剖腹产相比,自然分娩更有助于胎儿以及产妇整体的身体康复。因此,想要提高自然分娩率最重要的两个因素就是降低疼痛度并减轻紧张感。分娩球联合自由体位是近些年应用较为广泛的助产方式,通过对产妇进行坐姿、站姿以及跪姿方面的体位指导,以物理的方式降低了分娩过程中的疼痛感。在本研究中,观察组产妇0级疼痛、1级疼痛(χ2=9.172,P=0.012)、2级疼痛(χ2=7.551,P=0.018)、3级疼痛(χ2=4.249,P=0.024)的例数显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),由此可见,在常规基础上对初产妇应用分娩球联合自由体位进行助产,有效降低了产妇在生产过程中的疼痛度。

分娩球联合自由体位是一种较为有效的助产方式。当孕妇坐在分娩球上时,其臀部得到了大面积的支撑,球面的凸起能够对盆底组织进行一定的按摩,以此达到改善骨盆倾斜并减少下肢压力的作用,从而帮助产妇降低体力消耗,降低疼痛感,顺利分娩[15]。常规的护理方式主要以常规检查为主,容易忽略产妇的情绪变化。很多初产妇在生产之前容易紧张、害怕,这种情绪是不利于分娩的[16]。而分娩球的使用可以帮助产妇转移一部分的注意力,最大程度降低紧张情绪的干扰。在本研究中,分娩前两组产妇HAMD与HAMA评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),经过15 d护理后,观察组产妇在分娩之后HAMD与HAMA评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),说明分娩球联合自由体位的应用有效减轻了产妇在分娩之后负面情绪的产生,这在一定程度上也降低产后抑郁等不良事件的发生。在本研究中,观察组产妇进行剖宫产(χ2=8.218,P=0.013)、产后大出血(χ2=4.114,P=0.022)情况显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组产妇进行阴道分娩(χ2=7.749,P=0.019)例数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),由此可见,对于初产妇来说,与常规的护理方式相比,分娩球联合自由体位的应用更有助产妇进行阴道分娩,这种分娩方式对于胎儿的健康也是更为有益的。

综上所述,将分娩球联合自由体位用于初产妇助产护理中,减轻了患者在分娩期间的疼痛程度以及消极心理的产生,产妇阴道分娩的成功率较高,值得推广应用。

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(收稿日期:2020-02-24)

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