论情感

曹耀罗

情感与态度密不可分，它与态度中的内向感受、意向具有协调一致性，是态度在生理上一种较复杂而又稳定的生理评价和体验。

All of us can feel happiness， fear， sadness， disgust， surprise or anger at some time but what all these words mean？ They are socalled six basic emotions and are specific reactions to particular events related to biochemical （internal） and environmental （external） influences. There are more than a half of thousand different words in English that can describe every emotion and we have over 40 muscles in our face to express them.

We feel emotions by our brain and it is really difficult for scientists to give a single accurate definition for this process. However， experts say that emotions are our mental state along with facial expressions， actions or physical changes. They are related to our mood， but differ from it， as they are shortlived feelings with a clear object and mood is a more general feeling and lasts longer. For example， one can be happy about something or angry with somebody—this is his emotion. But another one can have a general feeling of pleasure， anxiety or sadness—this is his mood.

It is easy for us to feel emotions but it is quite complicated to study them. According to many researches in this field， emotions have components（组成部分） of two types—physical and mental， and consist of body responses， expressive behavior and subjective feelings.

The first component is the easiest for measuring because many special tools have been developed by experts to measure our body responses： blood rushing to the face， sweating， pounding heart and many others.

Expressive behavior is the outward sign of the experienced emotion and can include a flushed face， muscle tension， rapid breathing， restlessness， etc. Due to the outward expressions of our emotions we can feel each other better， and in this way social interactions are regulated.

And finally， subjective feelings are the most difficult to measure or describe as they refer to the special way each individual experiences emotions. This component can not be observed， only each person should describe it to others， and of course the interpretations of different persons may differ.

1. What do we know about emotions from the first paragraph？

A. Emotions happen every day in peoples life.

B. People can express six basic emotions at the same time.

C. People have over 40 muscles in their body to express emotions.

D. There are over 500 different words in English to describe emotions.

2. Whats the difference between emotions and mood？

A. Emotions last shorter than mood.

B. Emotions are easier to study than mood.

C. Emotions have 2 types while mood has 4.

D. Emotions are easier to measure than mood.

3. What can be inferred about the description of the same emotion two persons experience？

A. Its just the same.

B. Its hard to describe.

C. Its out of description.

D. It may be slightly different.

Difficult sentence

They are socalled six basic emotions and are specific reactions to particular events related to biochemical （internal） and environmental （external） influences.

【翻譯】

【点石成金】本句是一个简单句。They作主语，后面成分是系表结构，related to是过去分词作后置定语，意为“与……有关”。