耳穴压贴在视网膜脱离围术期疼痛护理中的应用效果
2020-07-31钟小敏黄春霞李盼盼
钟小敏 黄春霞 李盼盼
[摘要] 目的 探討耳穴压贴(以下简称“耳贴”)对视网膜脱离(RD)围术期疼痛的作用。 方法 选择广东省中医院眼科2018年3~12月诊断为RD患者64例,按随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组,每组各32例。对照组给予常规镇痛及护理,实验组在对照组基础上于术前1 d给予耳贴,分别于术前、术中及术后1 h按压耳穴1次。观察两组患者围术期视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、McGill疼痛问卷(SF-MPQ)评分、血压及心率变化。 结果 两组患者术后及术中VAS评分、SF-MPQ评分高于术前,且实验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);术中收缩压高于术前,术后低于术前,且实验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);术中及术后心率低于术前、且实验组术后低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。VAS评分、SF-MPQ评分、收缩压及心率时间及组间存在交互作用(P < 0.05)。 结论 耳贴能缓解RD患者围术期疼痛,维持血压和心率相对稳定,改善患者围术期生活质量。
[关键词] 耳穴压贴;视网膜脱离;围术期疼痛;护理;McGill疼痛问卷
[中图分类号] R446.63 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)06(a)-0179-04
[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of auricular point pressing (hereinafter referred to as “ear patch”) on perioperative pain of retinal detachment (RD). Methods A total of 64 cases of RD were diagnosed in the Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from March to December 2018, and they were divided into the experimental group and the control group according to the random number table method, with 32 cases in each group. The control group was given routine analgesia and nursing, while the experimental group was given ear stickers 1 d before surgery on the basis of the control group, and the ear points were pressed once before, during and after 1 h. The changes of Visual analogue scale (VAS) score, short-form of McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ) score, blood pressure and heart rate during the perioperative period were observed in the two groups. Results Postoperative and intraoperative VAS scores and SF-MPQ scores of the two groups were higher than those before operation, while the experimental group was lower than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The intraoperative systolic blood pressure was higher than preoperative, postoperatively lower than preoperative, and the experimental group was lower than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The intraoperative and postoperative heart rate was lower than before operation, while the experimental group was lower than the control group after operation, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were interactions between VAS score, SF-MPQ score, systolic blood pressure, heart rate in time and groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion Ear patch can relieve perioperative pain in RD patients, maintain blood pressure and heart rate relatively stable, and improve quality of life of patients during perioperative.
[Key words] Auricular point pressing; Retinal detachment; Perioperative pain; Nursing; The McGill pain questionnaire overview
视网膜脱离(RD)是一种致盲性眼病[1],手术是RD最有效的治疗方法。然而,围术期疼痛(PP)会影响术后疗效,故缓解PP对提高RD疗效尤为重要[2]。耳穴压贴法(以下简称“耳贴”)有较好的镇痛作用[3-4],本研究对耳贴法治疗RD患者PP效果进行相关研究,结果报道如下:
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择2018年3~12月广东省中医院眼科收治的64例RD患者。纳入标准:①符合RD诊断标准[1];②18~65岁;③接受RD手术治疗;④患者自愿参与,并签署知情同意书;⑤随访期内双眼未有任何眼科手术。排除标准:①耳贴过敏;②耳穴部位皮肤溃疡或皮损;③精神意识障碍不能配合研究;④高血压、心律失常。符合研究条件者依随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组,每组32例。RD手术由2名固定主任医师完成。本研究已获得广东省中医院医学伦理委员会批准(BF2018-043-01)。两组患者一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),具有可比性。见表1。
1.2 方法
干预方法:患者入组后进行术前宣教和研究介绍以取得配合。实验组术前1 d完成耳贴治疗。
耳贴方法:75%酒精清洁耳穴皮肤后,用耳穴探测仪(江苏武进,型号:KWD-808Ⅱ),探准神门、交感、内分泌、目1、目2、眼穴,取王不留行籽耳贴(上海泰成,批号:170214)压贴并按压上述穴位,以有酸胀为度。每穴按压30 s~1 min。对照组予无王不留行籽耳贴胶布贴敷,其余操作同实验组。两组患者术前、术中及术后各1 h分别按压各穴位1次。RD术中两组患者常规麻醉。
疼痛评估方法:采用McGill疼痛问卷(SF-MPQ)[5]进行评估,其中视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评测疼痛程度,疼痛评级指数作为疗效评价指标。VAS评分为0、1~3、4~6分及7~10分各表示无、轻、中及重度疼痛。疼痛评级指数分为10个项目,每项分无、轻、中、重4级,分别用0、1、2、3记分。术前、术中及术后按压各穴位30 min后对患者进行评分。
1.3 统计学方法
运用SPSS 19.0统计软件对所得数据进行分析,采用Stata 11建立数据库。计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用t检验或重复测量方差分析。计数资料以例数表示,采用χ2检验。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
两组患者术后及术中VAS评分、SF-MPQ评分高于术前,且实验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);术中收缩压高于术前,术后低于术前,且实验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);术中及术后心率低于术前,且实验组术后低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。不同时间分组VAS评分、SF-MPQ评分、收缩压及心率不同,且存在交互作用(P < 0.05)。见表2。两组患者各指标趋势变化见图1。
3 讨论
RD手术难度高[6],PP是影响疗效的重要因素[7]。耳贴无创、绿色、简便实用,合理运用可减少术后并发症[4]。“耳者,宗脉之所聚也”[8],人体经脉均上络于耳,故耳穴可用于诊治疾病。耳穴目1、目2、眼是治疗眼疾特定穴;神门为止痛要穴;交感穴可调节自主神经;内分泌穴可理气止痛。且王不留行籽含有多种皂苷,能够化瘀止痛[9],故穴药合用下调神经元的兴奋性[10],且诱导釋放神经递质产生镇痛和血管扩张效应[11-13]。
围术期患者受到生理和心理应激导致血压、心率升高,影响麻醉效果[14],同时RD麻醉方式也会加重疼痛[15]。耳贴广泛用于妇科、骨科等大型手术镇痛[16-17],疗效较好[18-20],且能降低术后并发症[21-22],提高生活质量[23]和满意度[24-25]。本研究结果显示,耳贴可缓解RD患者PP,且对维持血压和心率有稳定作用,能够改善生活质量[23],为RD患者PP疼痛控制和护理提供了新选择。
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(收稿日期:2020-02-04 本文编辑:王晓晔)