冠心病患者血清成纤维细胞生长因子21和核转录过氧化物酶增殖体激活受体γ水平变化及临床意义
2020-07-27林朴卿洪长江吴珊胡中志
林朴卿 洪长江 吴珊 胡中志
[摘要] 目的 探討冠心病(CHD)患者血清成纤维细胞生长因子21(FGF21)、核转录过氧化物酶增殖体激活受体γ(PPARγ)水平变化及临床意义。 方法 选择2018年3月~2019年3月广州中医药大学祈福医院(以下简称“我院”)住院接受治疗的由冠脉造影确诊为CHD患者129例作为观察组,选取同期来我院健康体检的体检者80名作为对照组。根据冠脉病变程度将观察组分为轻度组(n = 45)、中度组(n = 55)和重度组(n = 29);根据冠脉病变分支数量将观察组分为单支病变组(n = 48)、双支病变组(n = 44)和多支病变组(n = 37)。采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测各组血清FGF21和PPARγ水平,并分析FGF21和PPARγ水平与Gensini评分及病变支数的关系。结果 观察组血清FGF21和PPARγ水平均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。CHD不同程度冠脉病变患者中,中度组的FGF21和PPARγ水平均高于轻度组,而重度组高于中度组和轻度组,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。CHD不同程度冠脉病变支数患者中,双支病变组的FGF21和PPARγ水平均高于单只病变组,而多支病变组均高于双支病变组和单只病变组,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。Spearman相关性分析发现,CHD患者中FGF21和PPARγ水平与病变支数和Gensini评分呈正相关(r > 0,P < 0.05),FGF21水平与PPARγ水平呈正相关(r > 0,P < 0.05)。 结论 CHD患者血清FGF21和PPARγ水平上升,且FGF21和PPARγ水平与冠脉病变狭窄程度及病变累积密切相关。
[关键词] 冠心病;血清成纤维细胞生长因子21;核转录过氧化物酶增殖体激活受体γ;Gensini评分
[中图分类号] R541.4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)06(b)-0067-04
Changes and clinical significance of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 and nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ levels in patients with coronary heart disease
LIN Puqing HONG Changjiang WU Shan HU Zhongzhi
Department of Cardiology, Clifford Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 511495, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) levels in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods A total of 129 patients with CHD confirmed by coronary angiography during hospitalization in Clifford Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”) from March 2018 to March 2019 were selected as the observation group, and 80 person who came to our hospital for physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The observation group was divided into mild group (n = 45), moderate group (n = 55) and severe group (n = 29) according to the degree of coronary artery disease. The observation group was divided into single-vessel lesion group (n = 48), double-vessel lesion group (n = 44) and multi-vessel lesion group (n = 37) according to the number of coronary artery lesion branches. Serum FGF21 and PPARγ levels in each group were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the relationship between FGF21 and PPARγ levels and Gensini score and lesion count was analyzed. Results Serum FGF21 and PPARγ levels of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Among the CHD patients with different degrees of coronary artery disease, the FGF21 and PPARγ levels in the moderate group were higher than those in the mild group, while those in the severe group were higher than those in the moderate group and the mild group, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Among the CHD patients with varying degrees of coronary artery lesions, the FGF21 and PPARγ levels in the double-vessel lesion group were higher than those in the single-vessel lesion group, while those in the multiple-vessel lesion group were higher than those in the double-vessel lesion group and the single-vessel lesion group, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis found that FGF21 and PPARγ levels in CHD patients were positively correlated with lesion count and Gensini score (r > 0,P < 0.05), and FGF21 levels were positively correlated with PPARγ levels (r > 0,P < 0.05). Conclusion The levels of FGF21 and PPARγ are increased in CHD patients, and the levels of FGF21 and PPARγ are closely related to the stenosis degree and accumulation of coronary artery lesions.
[Key words] Coronary heart disease; Serum fibroblast growth factor 21; Nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; Gensini score
冠心病(CHD)是冠状动脉血管发生动脉粥样硬化病变而引起血管腔狭窄或阻塞,造成心肌缺血、缺氧或坏死而导致的心脏病[1]。近年来为临床上常见的心脏疾病,且是占据当前死亡率最高的疾病之一;流行病学调查显示,活动量少、血糖血脂偏高、糖尿病、肥胖人群死于心血管疾病的概率更高[2-3]。随着人们生活水平的提高和经济压力的增加,CHD的患病率和死亡率不断上升,世界卫生组织预计2020年冠心病将成为首位危害人类健康的疾病[4]。这不仅严重影响了国民的身体健康及生活质量,也增加医疗的经济负担,因此,做好对CHD的预防极其重要。成纤维细胞因子21(FGF21)是一种代谢调节因子,肝脏、骨骼肌、胸腺、胰腺和心脏等器官均能分泌[5]。研究发现,FGF21具有内分泌因子的功能,可以维持体内代谢平衡、对内皮细胞凋亡和心肌缺血具有保护作用[6]。而核转录因子过氧化物酶增殖体激活受体γ(PPARγ)是一类由配体调节的核激素受体,参与了体内细胞凋亡、细胞增殖、动脉粥样硬化和体内炎性反应等多种生理过程[7]。本研究探讨了冠心病患者血清FGF21、PPARγ水平变化及临床意义,现报道如下:
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择2018年3月~2019年3月在广州中医药大学祈福医院(以下简称“我院”)住院并经心内科冠状动脉造影术(CAG)确诊为CHD患者129例作为观察组。纳入标准:①典型临床表现、心肌酶学、心电图以及冠状动脉造影检查等综合确诊为冠心病,符合中华医学会心血管病学分会制订的《中国心血管病预防指南》[8]中对CHD的诊断标准;②患者年龄≥18岁;③首次发病且发病距入院时间为72 h。排出标准:①肝、肾功能出现障碍的患者;②孕产妇和哺乳期的女性患者;③风湿性心脏病以及类风湿性关节炎等自身免疫性疾病患者;③急、慢性炎性反应性疾病者;④严重心力衰竭、呼吸衰竭患者;⑤弥漫性血管内凝血等凝血和出血性疾病患者;⑥左主干严重病变的患者;⑦急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者;⑧恶性肿瘤患者;⑨近期内服用过抗凝药物及影响凝血和纤溶的药物,也服用过抗血小板药物的患者。其中男72例,女57例;年龄38~64岁,平均(54.85±5.12)岁。选取同期来我院健康体检并体检正常的体检者80名作为对照组,其中男41名,女39名;年龄37~63岁,平均(55.08±5.18)岁,两组一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。根据冠脉病变程度将观察组分为轻度组(n = 45)、中度组(n = 55)和重度组(n = 29);根据冠脉病变分支数量将观察组分为单支病变组(n = 48)、双支病变组(n = 44)和多支病变组(n = 37)。所有研究过程均符合我院医学伦理委员会的相关规定,患者知情同意并签署知情同意书。
1.2 方法
所有受试者于清晨空腹状态下,抽取静脉血5 mL,2000 r/min离心10 min,离心半径为12 cm,分离出血清,置于-80℃超低温冰箱冻存。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清FGF21和PPARγ水平,实验步骤参照检测试剂盒(ebiscience公司,生产批号:20180123)操作。
冠脉病变程度评价采用Gensini评分标准[9]。冠脉造影评估冠脉8个主要节段的狭窄程度,无狭窄为0分,狭窄程度<50%为1分、50%~<75%为2分、75%~ <100%为3分、100%为4分,计算各节段评分之和,评分<8分为轻度、8~14分为中度、>14分为重度。
1.3 统计学方法
采用SPSS 25.0统计学软件对所得数据进行分析,计量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组间差异比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用F检验,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验,两因素之间的相关性分析采用Spearman法。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组血清FGF21和PPARγ水平比较
观察组血清中FGF21和PPARγ水平均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。见表1。
2.2 不同程度冠脈病变患者血清FGF21和PPARγ水平差异
CHD不同程度冠脉病变患者中,中度组的FGF21和PPARγ水平均高于轻度组,而重度组高于中度组和轻度组,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。见表2。
2.3 不同冠脉病变支数患者血清FGF21和PPARγ水平差异
CHD不同程度冠脉病变支数患者中,双支病变组的FGF21和PPARγ水平均高于单只病变组,而多支病变组均高于双支病变组和单只病变组,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。见表3。
2.4 CHD患者FGF21和PPARγ水平与病变支数及Gensini评分的相关性分析
应用Spearman相关性分析发现,CHD患者中FGF21和PPARγ水平与病变支数呈正相关(r = 0.668, P = 0.010;r = 0.578,P = 0.021),FGF21和PPARγ水平与Gensini评分呈正相关(r = 0.605,P = 0.018;r = 0.615,P = 0.016),FGF21水平与PPARγ水平呈正相关(r = 0.525,P = 0.001)。
3 讨论
近年来,随着人们的生活水平得到很大的提高和改善,CHD在中老年人群发病的概率逐渐增加,出现一系列不同的临床表现,严重危害着人类的健康[10-11]。动脉粥样硬化的具体发生机制却十分复杂,主要是由于炎性因子引起相关免疫非特异性反应,各种炎性相关因子和脂肪因子、纤维组织共同作用逐渐发展成为动脉粥样硬化斑块[12-13]。
成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)家族包括22个成员,FGF21作为FGF家族成员之一,是由肝脏等多种器官合成的肽类激素,其可通过旁分泌或自分泌的作用,不仅在调节糖脂代谢中发挥重要的调节功能[14],还具有抑制心肌炎症、抗动脉粥样硬化等作用[15]。本研究中,观察组FGF21水平显著高于对照组。其机制可能是冠心病患者心肌细胞处于缺血缺氧状态,细胞内质网应激后活性氧产生增多,导致转录因子4(ATF4)激活,ATF4结合到FGF21基因启动子区特定的反应元件,导致细胞FGF21表达水平升高[16]。本研究中FGF21与冠脉病变程度及病变支数呈正相关,其原因是冠心病患者血清中高水平的FGF21对脂代谢的异常调控作用有关,研究显示冠心病患者血清FGF21水平与三酰甘油、空腹血糖、载脂蛋白B100、胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)呈正相关,而与HDL-C和载脂蛋白A1负相关,而动脉内膜三酰甘油等脂质沉积导致冠脉病变程度加重[17]。
PPARγ基因位于3号染色体,其编码的PPARγ蛋白属于模式识别受体家族,主要表达于巨噬细胞、脂肪细胞及血管内皮细胞等表面,能够被过氧化物酶、対氧磷酶等激活,PPARγ参与机体糖脂代谢及胰岛素敏感性等多种生物学过程[18]。有研究报道,PPARγ基因His477His多态性是冠心病易感性的重要危险因素,因此推测PPARγ基因表达可能在冠心病的发生发展中发挥重要的作用[7]。本研究中,观察组PPARγ水平显著高于对照组。有研究报道冠心病时载脂蛋白E基因表达水平升高,其能够与PPARγ相互作用,并促进PPARγ基因的表达[19]。本研究中PPARγ、冠状动脉病变支数和Gensini评分呈正相关。其原因是冠心病时PPARγ被激活,通过NF-κB通路代谢途径,促进细胞因子炎症的表达,造成血管免疫损伤,导致动脉粥样硬化的发生,促进心血管疾病的发展[20]。本研究中,冠心病患者血清FGF21的水平与PPARγ的水平呈正相关,其机制尚不明确,有研究显示FGF21的表达能够直接促进PPARγ的表达,而在敲除FGF21基因后,PPARγ蛋白的类泛素化水平增加,导致PPARγ表达水平降低[21],但冠心病中二者之间具体的作用机制有待进一步深入研究。
综上所述,CHD患者血清FGF21和PPARγ水平上升,且FGF21和PPARγ水平与冠脉病变狭窄程度及病变累积密切相关,可能作为未来临床预测和评估冠状动脉病变程度的血清学指标。
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(收稿日期:2019-11-26 本文編辑:顾家毓)