Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?

重点单词

1. mess  n.  杂乱;不整洁

“What a mess！” she said after the party.

聚会后她说：“真是一片狼藉！”

（1）in a mess 混乱;凌乱

The room was in a mess.

这个房间杂乱不堪。

（2）make a mess 弄脏;搞成一团糟

The kids made a mess in the living room.

孩子们把客厅搞得一塌糊涂。

2. throw  v.  （threw） 扔;掷

Throw me the car keys.

=Throw the car keys to me.

把车钥匙扔给我。

She threw her coat on the bed.

她把外套扔在了床上。

throw away 丢弃;扔掉

throw away （sth）=throw （sth） away 把……丢掉

3. neither  adv.  也不

neither是副词，意为“也不”，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人时，句子须采用倒装结构：“neither+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示“……也不”。

You didnt see him， and neither did I.

你没有看见他，我也没有。

（1）neither （两者） 都不

Neither of us felt like going out.

我俩都不想外出。

—Which one would you like？

你喜欢哪一个？

—Neither.

两个都不喜欢。

（2）neither... nor... 既不……也不……

Neither the teacher nor his students know how to work out the problem.

老师和他的学生们都不知道怎么算那道题。

They speak neither French nor German.

他们既不讲法语，也不讲德语。

4. pass  v.  给;递;走过;通过

pass sb sth=pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人

Can you pass me that bag？

你能把那个袋子递给我吗？

They pass by the library on their way to school.

去学校途中，他们经过了图书馆。

Kevin has just passed his driving test.

凯文刚刚通过驾照考试。

5. borrow  v.  借;借用

borrow sth from sb 从某人那里借某物

I couldnt afford to buy any books， so I borrow them from the library.

我买不起任何书，因此我都从图书馆借。

辨析：borrow， lend和keep

（1）borrow 借，与from 连用，指“借进来”。

You can borrow some money from the bank.

你可以从银行借些钱来。

（2）lend 借，与to 连用，指“借出去”。

lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人

He doesnt want to lend his books to others.

他不想把书借给任何人。

（3）keep 保留，保存 （延续动词，可以与表示一段時间的时间状语连用）

You can keep the book for two weeks.

这本书你可以借两周。

6. hate  v.  厌恶;讨厌

hate不能用于进行时，与love相对。

hate to do sth 讨厌做某事，表示某次具体的行为或动作。

I hate to trouble him.

我不愿麻烦他。

hate doing sth 讨厌做某事，表示经常或习惯性的行为或动作。

She hates smoking in her room.

她讨厌在她房间抽烟。

7. while  conj.  与……同时;当……的时候;而;然而

while用作连词，意为“在……期间;当……的时候”，用来引导时间状语从句。while 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性动词。

I will give her a present while she is here.

当她来的时候我要给她一份礼物。

Our friends arrived while we were having dinner.

当我们吃饭的时候，朋友们来了。

The walls are green， while the floor is white.

墙是绿色的，而地板是白色的。

8. waste  n.  浪费;垃圾

v.  浪费;滥用

I hate waste.

我讨厌浪费。

waste of time 浪费时间 waste of money 浪费金钱

waste time/money on sth 在某事上浪费时间/金钱

waste time in doing sth 浪费时间做某事

Dont waste time on computer games.

=Dont waste time in playing computer games.

不要浪费时间玩电脑游戏。

9. provide  v.  提供;供应

provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物

The movie theater provides us with good service.

电影院为我们提供良好的服务。

His school provided a house for him.

他的学校为他提供了一所房子。

辨析：provide， offer和supply

10. develop  v.  发展;壮大

development  n.  发展

developing  adj.  发展中的

developed  adj.  发达的

a developing country 一个发展中国家

a developed country 一个发达国家

重点短语

1. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾

Its your turn to take out the rubbish.

轮到你倒垃圾了。

take out the trash 倒垃圾

2. as soon as 一……就……;尽快

I want to see him as soon as he arrives.

他一抵达我就要见他。

3. in order to 目的是;为了

in order to 引导目的状语从句，可放句首或句中。

肯定形式：in order to+动词原形

否定形式：in order not to+动词原形

In order to catch up with the others， the girl works even harder.

为了赶上其他同学，那个女孩学习更加努力了。

4. depend on 依靠;信赖

Just depend on me. Ill be able to lead you there.

相信我，我会把你带到那儿的。

I dont want to depend on my parents too much.

我不想过度依靠父母。

5. take care of 照顾;处理

Please help me take care of my baby when I am out.

我出去时请帮我照顾下我的小孩。

活学活用

1. Please call me ____ ____ ____ you get home.

請你一到家就给我打电话。

2. His teeth hurt badly. The dentist ____ .

A. took out it B. took out them

C. took it out D. took them out

3. 用borrow和lend 填空。

Can I ____ your pen？

Can you ____ me your pen？

4. The boy ____ （throw） an apple to his friend just now.

5. 英译汉。

take out the rubbish ______

fold the clothes ________

基本语法

情态动词could委婉地表请求和征询许可

其句型为：Could you please do sth？

—Peter， could you please take out the trash？

彼得，请你把垃圾倒掉好吗？

—Sure， Mom.

可以，妈妈。

—Could you please do the dishes？

请把盘子洗了，好吗？

—Sorry， I cant.

抱歉，我不能。

在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用could代替can，以表示礼貌、委婉或不确定的语气，而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。could是为了表示礼貌的请求。肯定回答时要用Yes， I can. 注意：不能用could。除此之外，肯定回答还可以用Sure. / Certainly. / Yes， sure. / Of course. / Thats OK. / No problem. / With pleasure.等;否定回答用Im sorry， I cant. / Im sorry， but I have to...， 还可以用Im afraid not.

—Could you please sweep the floor？

请把地扫了，好吗？

—Yes， sure.

好的。

—Could you please water the flowers？

你能浇下花吗？

—No problem.

没问题。