浙江蔷薇科悬钩子属一新种
——景宁悬钩子
2020-06-10赵昌高徐洪峰张方钢谢文远陈征海
赵昌高,徐洪峰,张方钢,陈 锋,谢文远,陈征海
(1. 景宁畲族自治县生态林业发展中心,浙江 景宁 323500; 2. 浙江自然博物院,浙江 杭州310014; 3. 浙江省森林资源监测中心,浙江 杭州 310020)
悬钩子属RubusL.是蔷薇科Rosaceae的大属,约700余种,分布于全世界,主产于北半球温带地区,少数种类分布至热带和南半球[1].我国现知208种,其中特有种139种[2],分布遍及全国,以长江以南各地种类最丰富,分布也最集中[3].
关于浙江的悬钩子属野生种类,多位学者相继报道了一些新分类群和新记录植物[1-11].2014年以来,笔者在浙江野生植物资源调查和《浙江植物志》(新编)编研期间,对浙江的悬钩子属植物进行了系统整理与研究,相关结果见文献[12].2019年,笔者对浙江南部山区发现的一种悬钩子属植物进行了深入研究,发现其外形虽与我国南方地区广泛分布的东南悬钩子R.tsangorumHand.-Mazz.相似,但小枝、叶背面脉上、叶柄、花序梗、花序轴、花萼外面密被灰白色开展长柔毛,并混生稀疏软刺毛,而无紫红色腺毛;叶片的顶生裂片先端圆钝或急尖,侧生裂片先端圆钝,背面密被宿存绒毛;花常3~9朵排成顶生近总状花序和1~3朵腋生,顶生者长3~5(~7) cm;萼片卵状披针形.分布的海拔高度也有分化,一般在1 000 m以上的山地而与R.tsangorum显著不同.经查对文献[2, 13-15],并进行标本和形态比较研究后确认为新种,现予以报道.
景宁悬钩子新种 图1
Rubus jingningensisZ.H. Chen, F. Chen et F.G. Zhang, sp. nov. Fig.1.
This new species is similar toR.tsangorumHand.-Mazz., but differs in having branchlets, veins of abaxial leaf blades, petioles, peduncles, rachises, pedicels, and outsides of sepals densely villous, with sparse needle-like prickles, not purplish-red glandular hairy (instead of villous, unevenly purplish-red glandular hairy and bristly, sometimes with sparse needle-like prickles); terminal lobes of blade apex obtuse or acute, lateral lobes apex obtuse (instead of terminal lobe apex acute or shortly acuminate, lateral lobes apex obtuse or acute), abaxially persistent thickly tomentose (instead of deciduously thinly tomentose); inflorescences terminal or axillary, subracemos, terminal ones 3-9-flowered, 3-5 (-7) cm, lateral ones 1-3-flowered (instead of 5-20-flowered, terminal ones 8-13 cm); sepals triangular-ovate (instead of narrowly triangular-lanceolate).
Type: China. Zhejiang(浙江), Jingning (景宁), Shangshantou (上山头), under the forest on slope, alt. 1 580 m, 4 Jul. 2019,F.Chen(陈锋),Z.H.Chen(陈征海) etX.D.Mei(梅旭东)JN19070403(holotype: ZM; isotype: ZM).
A:繁殖枝;B:营养枝;C:茎;D:托叶;E:叶片;F:叶缘;G:果枝;H:聚合果;I:果萼;J:果托.
亚灌木.枝匍匐,二型:营养枝伏地生长,长可达2 m,顶端着地生根而生长新株;繁殖枝伏地或斜升,长约20~30 cm.小枝均密被褐色绒毛、灰白色开展长柔毛,并疏生基部扁平而略膨大、先端细长而弯曲的软刺毛.单叶;叶片厚纸质,近圆形,直径(3~)5~12 cm,基部深心形,上面绿色,沿主脉两侧常有暗紫色斑块并具开展柔毛,沿主脉稍密,背面密被宿存的灰白色绒毛,沿叶脉密被开展长柔毛,基出脉中下部疏生褐色软刺毛,边缘3~5浅裂,侧生裂片先端圆钝,顶生裂片比侧生裂片稍大,宽三角形,先端圆钝或急尖,叶缘有不规则牙齿,基部具掌状5出脉,侧脉3~4对;叶柄长(1~)3~5(~6.5) cm,有白色开展长柔毛和稀疏软刺毛;托叶离生,长0.8~1.7 cm,掌状深裂,裂片细条形,有长柔毛.花常3~9朵成顶生近总状花序和1~3朵腋生,顶生者长3~5(~7) cm;花序梗、花梗及花萼外面均被白色开展长柔毛和稀疏软刺毛;花梗长0.7 ~ 1.8 cm;苞片与托叶相似,但较小;花直径1~1.2 cm;萼筒杯状,长约3 mm;萼片卵状披针形,内面被绒毛,长8~10 mm,长渐尖,先端2~3分裂,裂片细条形,果期先直立后反折;花瓣宽倒卵形,长6~7 mm,先端圆钝,蚀齿状,基部具短爪,白色;雄蕊多数,花丝无毛;雌蕊多数,常8~12枚发育,明显长于雄蕊,子房无毛;花托顶端被白色长柔毛.果实近球形,红色,无毛;小核果8~12,核具明显皱纹.花期7月,果期8月.
Paratypes: China. Zhejiang (浙江), Jingning (景宁), Dayanghu (大仰湖), under the forest on slope, alt. 1 400 m, 19 Aug. 2019,J.Lin(林坚),Y.K.Xu(许元科) etC.G.Zhao(赵昌高)JN19081906 (ZM); the same locality and date, under forest of monticule, alt. 1 510 m,J.Lin(林坚),Y.K.Xu(许元科) etC.G.Zhao(赵昌高)JN19081910 (ZM); the same locality and date, alt. 1 319 m,Z.H.Chen(陈征海),X.D.Mei(梅旭东) etH.F.Xu(徐洪峰)JN19081903,JN19081904 (ZM); the same locality and date, alt. 1 495 m,J.Lin(林坚),Y.K.Xu(许元科) etC.G.Zhao(赵昌高)JN19081908,JN19081911 (ZM); the same locality, under forest of monticule, alt. 1 504 m, 30 Jul. 2019,F.Chen(陈锋) etZ.H.Chen(陈征海)JN19073003; Shanliao (善寮), at forest margin in valley, alt. 1 200 m,X.D.Mei(梅旭东),C.G.Zhao(赵昌高) etH.F.Xu(徐洪峰)JN19081916 (ZM); the same locality, under the forest on slope, alt. 1 044 m,Z.H.Chen(陈征海) etH.F.Xu(徐洪峰)JN19090103 (ZM); Jingnan (景南), Shangshantou (上山头), under the forest on slope, alt. 1 580~1 585 m, 17 Aug. 2019,X.D.Mei(梅旭东),D.H.Wu(吴东浩) etZ.H.Chen(陈征海)JN19081702,JN19081703 (ZM).
致谢承蒙杭州师范大学教授金孝锋博士审阅全文并提出宝贵意见,谨致以诚挚的谢意.